An Introduction to Internet Applications

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An Introduction to Internet Applications

• INLS 572 Christie McDaniel

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Goals of this Course

• To teach you a little about how the Internet
  works
• This includes the history of the Internet and
  general networking and protocol architecture
• To learn some proper XHTML and CSS
• To teach you how to manipulate images using Adobe
  Photoshop

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Who I Am
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Syllabus, Assignments, and Such

• Our Website

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History of the Internet
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Our Forefathers, so to speak

• Vannevar Bush (1945)
• Memex
• As We May Think http//www.theatlantic.com/doc/19
  4507/bush
• Saw the future of the Internet

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Gordon Bell Back to Present Day

• Gordon Bell (2000 era)
• MyLifeBits
• A Paperless existence!!
• Scary or Revolutionary?

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Joseph Licklider and Wesley Clark (1960)

• Joseph C.R. Licklider and Wesley Clark (1960)
• Social Network Galactic Networks
• Influenced the future of DARPA

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ARPANet

• Advanced Research Projects Agency (1957)
• Mainframes without communication
• Leonard Kleinrock and Interface Message
  Processors
• Lawrence Roberts combined these ideas to form
  ARPANet

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ARPANet

• Request for Comments - http//www.rfc-editor.org/
  
• 1969 UCLA IMP was delivered and two machines
  began to talking to one another. (Kleinrock)
• One month later Stanfords IMP was finished and
  communication was established between two
  machines at these locations
• And so begins ARPANet

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ARPANET
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The Mother of the Internet?

• Elizabeth (Jake) Feinler
• Stanford Research Institute
• Second Node
• Leader of SRI
• Directory of Host Names mapped to Addresses

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A Network of Networks

• Then and Now Researched the underlying network
  AND how to utilize the network Open
  Architecture
• 1972 ARPANet debuts at the International
  Conference on Computer Communications (ICCC)
  Bob Khan
• 1972 Email Ray Tomlinson
• 15 nodes had been developed
• 1973 An Open Architecture

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Networks as we know them
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Routers and Protocols

• Routers hardware used to communicate between
  networks (nodes)
• A protocol in the networking world is a
  collection of rules for formatting, ordering, and
  error-checking data sent across a network.

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TCP/IP

• TCP/IP Transmission Control Protocol/Internet
  Protocol
• Every application has its own protocol
• Email SMTP
• File Transfer FTP
• Web HTTP
• Application Layer

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Key Networks

• Original ARPANET with its new members (1969)
• MERIT (1969)
• THEORYNET (1977)
• USENET (1979) linked UNC and Duke
• CSNET (1981)
• BITNET (1981)
• MILNET (1983)

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National Science Foundation Contributions

• NSFNET 1986
• Built by MCI, IBM, and MERIT
• Supercomputers
• Princeton
• Cornell
• CMU
• University of Illinois
• University of Colorado
• University of California, San Diego

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NSFNET

• 1995 Connected 50,000 networks on all seven
  continents
• 1969 Four Internet hosts
• 1999 56,218,000 Internet hosts
• To put it in perspective, check out
  http//www.isc.org/index.pl?/ops/ds/

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Networks Everywhere!

• LANs Local Area Networks (SILS)
• WANs Wide Area Networks (UNC)
• Department Example
• Internet one specific worldwide collection of
  inter-networks whose owners have voluntarily
  agreed to share resources and network connections
  with one another
• Private networks arent on the Internet

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HTTP

• Tim Berners-Lee
• Inventor of WWW
• Created W3C

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Whos In Charge?

• Internet Society (ISOC) oversees a couple of
  important groups
• Internet Architecture Board (IAB)
• Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF)
• Internet Research Task Force (IRTF)
• World Wide Web Consortium (W3C)

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Tomorrow

• The OSI Model and HTTP