Allergy Notification

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Allergy Notification

• Context aware
• Location Based
• Paramedics
  Support

Lakshmie Narayan Viswanathan Sivaguru
Perambalam Brandon Logsdon
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Why Allergy Detection ?
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What is Allergy anyway ?

• A condition in which our bodys immune system
  overreacts to normally harmless substances, like
  dust, mold, and pollen
• Body responds by releasing histamine - leads to
  those uncomfortable allergy symptoms.
• Also known as hypersensitivity type 1, it is a
  major cause of ailments in humans

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Incidence

• 6th leading cause of chronic disease in the
  United States
• More than 50 million Americans suffer from
  allergic diseases
• allergic rhinitis cost to the health care system
  in 1996 an estimated overall of 6 billion
• Hymenoptera stings account for 40 to 100 deaths
  per year
• Risk factors beta-blockers, adrenal
  insufficiency

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Clinical Manifestation

• Severity varies from mild to fatal
• Most reactions are respiratory, dermatologic
• Less severe early findings may progress to
  life-threatening over a short time
• Initial signs/symptoms do NOT necessarily
  correlate with severity, progression, duration of
  response
• Generally, quicker symptoms more severe
  reactions

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Symptoms
Symptom 1 Symptom 2 Symptom 3 Symptom 4 Possible Allergy
runny nose, sneezing, coughing, wheezing worse in spring, summer home smells stale, musty symptoms worse after ingesting beer, vinegar, soy sauce mold
runny nose, sneezing, coughing, wheezing, runny eyes hives, itching, redness, rash nausea, vomiting, abdominal cramps asthma, anaphylactic shock latex
runny nose, sneezing, wheezing, hoarseness hives, itchy rash red, itchy or swollen eyes ears stuffed-up or itchy, frequent bronchitis pets
runny nose, sneezing, wheezing, hoarseness, loss of voice, chest tightness eczema, stomach pain, headaches, hives, flushing, itching nausea, vomiting, cramps, diarrhea anaphylactic shock, decreased blood pressure, swelling of lips or tongue foods
runny nose, sneezing, coughing worse in spring summer, itchy nose or throat watery eyes, conjunctivitis, allergic shiners (dark circles under eyes) worse in mornings, fatigue, mental dullness pollen
persistent runny nose sneezing (not seasonal), stuffy nose or ears eczema itchy or water eyes symptoms worse at night when awakening, improvement when outside dust mites
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Causes of Deaths

• Laryngeal edema and acute bronchospasm with
  respiratory failure account for gt70
• Circulatory collapse accounts for 25

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Why Android ?

• Android expected to be used in smart devices
  other than phones Android Partners.
• Application can be built for a smart device like
  Mobile Sensing Platform (MSP) discussed in the
  BALANCE application Reduces System Cost.
• Numerous other advantages as discussed already in
  class.

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Relevance to Known Applications

• BALANCE
• SATIRE
• mSens Mobile Health Monitoring System - Srdjan
  Krco, Srdjan Kostic, Dejan Sakac, Zoran Lukic
• A Mobile Health Device to Help People with Severe
  Allergies - Luis U. Hernandez Munoz, Sandra I.
  Woolley and Chris Baber

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Class Diagram - Client
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Class Diagram - Server
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Data Flow
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Wheezing Agent

• Wheezing would be monitored by wearable
  microphone sensor.
• Information periodically sent to the server every
  5 minutes for processing.
• May be altered through condition policy.
• Once detected - periodicity reduced exponentially
• Triggers flushing and BP agents.

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BPAgent

•   The Blood Pressure Agent will send sensor data
  on a persons systolic, diastolic, and pulse.
• Systolic The blood pressure when the heart is
  contracting.
• Diastolic Referring to the time when the heart
  is in a period of relaxation and dilatation.
• Pulse The rhythmic contraction and expansion of
  an artery due to the surge of blood from the beat
  of the heart.
• Will use a random data model to simulate
  systolic, diastolic, and pulse.

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Flushing Agent

• Flushing is to be detected by a wearable
  temperature sensor.
• Triggered to monitor temperature information to
  be sent to the phone
• The Flushing Agent will send sensor data on a
  persons level of flushing.
• The information sent from the sensor will be
  transformed into an index of severity, based on
  thresholds set by the physician.

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Condition Manager

• The condition manager reads in a condition policy
  which is in a standard XML file.
• Condition policy defines the threshold for
  individual sensors reading.
• Agents invoked on the basis of this.
• Set by the physicians.

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Emergency Plan Manager

• The Emergency Plan Manager(EPM) reads in an
  emergency plan policy which is in a standard XML
  file.
• Possible critical condition detected - Alert
  Parent or Care giver Wait for Response Attain
  location information.
• No Response for 2 minutes - Contact 911(EMS) by
  SMS or IVRS Call.

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Protocol

• pseudo-xml format - keeps information exchange
  light yet effective.
• lttag1gt.lt/tag1gtlttag2gt.lt/tag2gt.
• Sample protocol exchanges 
• Client ltwheezinggtAB CE DF FB 1A C3 9F .. AC
  CC BC lt/wheezinggt
• Server ltwheezinggt120lt/wheezinggtltflushinggt1
  lt/flushinggt
• Client ltwheezinggt120lt/wheezinggtltflushinggt100
  lt/flushinggt
• Server ltwheezinggt120lt/wheezinggtltflushinggt100
  lt/flushinggtltbpgt1lt/bpgt
• Client ltwheezinggt120lt/wheezinggtltflushinggt100
  lt/flushinggtltbpgt120/60lt/bpgt

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User Interface

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Design Constraints

• Energy consumption Battery back up to last for
  a day at least
• Switch GPS ON only when allergy detected.
• Sensors should be wearable and easy to use
• Unobtrusive
• Economical

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Test strategy

• Unit Test Plan
• Each code segment would be tested for correctness
  of output.
• The computation of indices for wheezing, flushing
  and BP would be checked. 
• Integration Test Plan
• The AgentInvoker would be tested for invoking the
  right agent on input.
• The condition policy module would be checked that
  if the xml is altered, the appropriate agent is
  affected.
• System Test Plan
• The indices of the sensors would be altered and
  checked if the SMS module is triggered.

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Future Enhancements

• Data Security is important
• Expected - sensors / agents can perform data
  validation like discussed by Ayan Karthik
• Integration with Allergy Alert application by
  Jeff Sam. Can be used to alert other parents of
  a high pollen or pollution alert.
• Modify application for other smart device.
• Implement IVRS Calling feature

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Data Security

• Privacy of vital signs information
• To prevent potential hackers who could try to
  fake an allergy condition
• Prevent data identity mismatch

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References

• A. Alic, I. Lackovic, V. Bilas, D. Sersic and
  Ratko Magjarevic, A Novel Approach to Wheeze
  Detection, World Congress on Medical Physics and
  Biomedical Engineering 2006, IFMBE Proceeding,
  Vol. 14, Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2007,
  963-966.
• Y Qiu, A R Whittaker, M Lucas, K Anderson,
  Automatic wheeze detection based on auditory
  modeling, Proceedings of the Institution of
  Mechanical Engineers, Part H Journal of
  Engineering in Medicine, Volume 219, Number 3 /
  2005, Professional Engineering Publishing,
  219-227.
• Meng-Lun Hsueh Jen-Chien Chien Feng-Chia Chang
  Huey-Dong Wu Fok-Ching Chong, "Respiratory
  Wheeze Detection System," IEEE-EMBS 2005. 27th
  Annual International Conference of
  the Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society,
  2005, pp. 7553-7559, 17-18 Jan. 2006.
• Feng Jin, Satttar, F., "A New Automated Approach
  for Identification of Respiratory Sounds," 2007
  IEEE International Conference on Multimedia and
  Expo, pp. 356-359, 2-5 July 2007.
• Geonames. www.geonames.org.
• Luis Hernandezs Website. http//postgrad.eee.bham
  .ac.uk/hernandez-munoz/Research.html