United States Antarctic Program Use of Direct Readout

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United States Antarctic ProgramUse of Direct
Readout
Raytheon
NSF

• Matthew Lazzara
• Antarctic Meteorological Research Center
  Space Science and Engineering Center
• University of Wisconsin-Madison

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Outline

• Introduction
• United States Antarctic Program
• Infrastructure
• USAP Ground Stations
• Satellite Acquisition
• Communications
• Applications
• On-site
• USAP Reach-back
• User Community
• Future
• Improved Communications
• Upgraded direct readout

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Introduction United States Antarctica Program
(USAP)

• McMurdo Station, established 1955
• Direct broadcast early 1980s
• South Pole Station, established 1956
• No direct broadcast reception
• Palmer Station, established 1968
• Direct broadcast 1989
• Other
• Summer Camps
• APT users - historic
• USAP Research/Icebreaking Vessels
• R/V N.B. Palmer
• USCG Polar Star and Polar Sea
• Other nations using Direct Readout
• Australia, UK, Norway (X-band?), Japan, Italy,
  etc.

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South Pole Station

Palmer Station

McMurdo Station

USGS
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McMurdo Station Palmer Station R/V NB Palmer USCG
Polar Star Polar Sea
Raytheon
USCG
NSF
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Satellite Acquisition

• McMurdo Station
• NOAA
• DMSP
• Terra/Aqua
• SeaWiFS (historic)
• Palmer Station
• NOAA
• DMSP
• SeaWiFS (historic/current?)

• R/V N.B. Palmer
• NOAA
• DMSP
• SeaWiFS (historic)
• USCG Polar Star Polar Sea
• NOAA
• DMSP

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Communications

• Internet
• McMurdo
• Unattended Satellite Earth Station (USES) or
  Black Island Telecommunications Facility (BITF)
• T1 (x2) via Intelsat IS701 for 24 hours
• South Pole
• NASA South Pole TDRSS Relay
• T3 via Marisat, GOES-3, TDRSS-1 for 11 hours
• Palmer
• Palmer Satcom
• T1 via Intelsat IS707 for 24 hours
• Satellite data reach-back
• Real-time Internet via Antarctic-IDD, FTP, ADDE,
  etc.
• Archive Tapes - flown Northtwice a season
• McMurdo Ground Station
• NASA closed network (TDRSS network)

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On-Site Applications

• McMurdo
• Weather Forecasting
• Satellite imagery
• DCS Automatic Weather Stations
• Tests of Derived Products
• International TOVS Processing Package (ITPP)
• Routine Product Generation
• International MODIS/AIRS Processing Package
  (IMAPP)
• MODIS Satellite Derived Winds (Atmospheric Motion
  Vectors)
• Palmer Station
• Research Limited Nowcasting
• Satellite imagery
• DCS Automatic Weather Stations
• Research Vessels USCG
• Sea Ice monitoring/depiction Limited Nowcasting
• Satellite imagery

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USAP Reach-back Applications

• Use of the data back in the US
• University of Wisconsin-Madison
• Antarctic Satellite Composites
• Automatic Weather Station Observations
• Data Collection System (DCS)
• Iceberg Monitoring
• Remote Weather Forecasting in Charleston, SC
• See a greater part of the Antarctic
• Contingency in the event of communications
  failure
• CIMSS Polar Winds
• Utilized by several numerical modeling centers
• Numerical Modeling at NCAR
• National Ice Center
• Iceberg monitoring Sea Ice depiction

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Cloud Mask (Cloud Detection)
CIMSS
CIMSS
Cloud Top Pressure (Cloud Top Heights)
Cloud Phase (Ice, Water, or Mix)
CIMSS
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Polar Satellite Derived Winds Atmospheric Motion
Vectors
CIMSS
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USAP User Community

• Primary users
• McMurdo Weather forecasting (SPAWAR)
• AARC
• NSIDC/AMD
• AMRC
• CIMSS
• NSF Contractor/RPSC
• NIC
• Researchers
• Meteorological
• Non-meteorological
• Domestic and international
• University and private sector
• Public Educational Outreach

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Future

• Improved Communications
• IPO and NSF MOA for 10 Mb/s link
• Thanks to SafetyNet
• Upgrade to Palmer Direct Readout
• Funding is uncertain
• Acquisition of MetOp Direct Broadcast?
• Unknown - To Be Determined
• Planning for NPP and NPOESS

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Acknowledgements

• National Science Foundation Office of Polar
  Programs
• Integrated Program Office
• Space and Naval Warfare System Center Office of
  Polar Programs
• Satellite Operators
• Unencrypted data over the Antarctic
• Commitment to never encrypt DCS and SARSAT -
  critical in this part of the world