IPCC 2006 GLs: Waste

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IPCC 2006 GLsWaste

• Riitta Pipatti and Sonia Vieria (CLAs)
• Anthony Adegbulugbe, Joao Alves, Michiel Doorn,
  Sabin Guendehou, Leif Hockstad, Bill Irving,
  Matthias Koch, Carlos Lopez, Katarina Mareckova,
  Newton Paciornic, Craig Palmer, Elizabeth
  Scheele, Chhemendra Sharma, Alison Smith, Per
  Svardal, Sirin Towprayoon, Mario Tonosaki, Gao
  Qingxiang, Masato Yamada, Can Wang

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Contents of the presentation

• Contents of the Waste volume
• Overview of main anticipated changes/improvements
  and challenges in the work

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Contents of the Waste Volume

• Overview and cross-cutting issues
• Introduction to the contents, major changes to
  96GLs and GPG2000, references to other volumes
• Solid Waste Treatment and Disposal
• Waste generation, waste compostion
• Solid waste disposal sites (SWDS) including
  semi-aerobic landfills, composting, biogas
  facilities
• Waste Incineration
• Including open burning of waste
• Wastewater Handling and Human Sewage
• Domestic and industrial wastewater treatment
• Septic tanks and latrines

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Gases

• CO2 emissions in the Waste sector
• SWDS 40 - 50 of landfill gas is CO2
• wastewater treatment 20 - 40 CO2
• composting CO2 main greenhouse gas emitted
• Biogenic origin - therefore not included in the
  national total emissions
• waste incineration or open burning of waste
• mix of fossil and biogenic waste
• CO2 emissions from the fossil part to be
  included in the inventory

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Gases

• CH4 and N2O
• methodologies provided for all treatment of waste
  expect for N2O from SWDS (negligible)
• NMVOCs, NOx
• references to methodologies under other
  agreements

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Solid waste treatment and disposal

• starting point waste generation and waste
  composition
• alternative and complementing treatment
  technigues
• methodologies based on estimation of emissions
  from individual treatment techniques but guidance
  will also be provided how waste treatment chains
  affect the estimation of the emissions

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Example of a waste treatment chain
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Updated default data on waste generation
and treatment
MSW generated Fraction disposed at SWDSs Fraction incinerated Fraction composted .
Region 1 tonnes/capita/year
Country A 1990 1995
Country B
.
Region 2
Country a
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Updated default data on waste composition and DOC
content

• waste (MSW) compostion by region
• including average moisture content (time
  dependence to the extent information available)
• industrial and other waste types - only general
  guidance
• DOC table (DOC in dry matter)
• wood
• textiles
• Garden and park waste
• Food waste
• sludge (by type if data available)
• straw

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CH4 emissions from SWDS

• Methodological Issues
• 96GLs and GPG2000 Mass balance method and a
  First Order Decay (FOD) methods
• results are not comparable
• mass balance method estimates potential future
  emissions from the waste deposited during the
  inventory year
• FOD method estimates actual emission in the
  inventory year taking from waste in SWDSs in the
  inventory year (taking past waste disposal into
  account)

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CH4 emissions from SWDS

• IPCC 2006 GLs
• Use of the FOD method recommended for all
• development of a simple Tier 1 FOD method
• provides also data on carbon stored in the SWDS
• step by step guidance how to use the model
• worksheet (Excel model)
• Mass balance model (last resort)

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CH4 emissions from SWDS

• FOD model needs historial data on historial waste
  disposal
• Step by step guidance how to obtain historical
  data on MSW disposal
• (i) waste statistics where available
• (ii) extrapolation using drivers
• population and GDP (correlation to be provided)
• energy consumption
• Urban population
• Population

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Waste incineration

• CO2 (from fossil fraction in waste), N2O and CH4
  (no guidance in 96GLs or GPG2000)
• Guidance for waste incineration in general -
  emissions from waste burned for energy reported
  in the Energy Sector
• Guidance on open burning
• challenges activity data collection, EFs
• open burning of waste at landfills (impact on CH4
  emissions from SWDS under previous section)

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Wastewater treatment and Human Sewage

• municipal and industrial wastewater treatment
  (CH4 and N2O)
• Tier structure to be developed
• N2O from industrial wastewater treatment
• update and development of default data a
  challenge
• guidance also on emissions from septic tanks and
  latrines
• links to other parts of the waste volume (SWDS,
  incineration) as well as the AFOLU sector

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Challenges

• Waste treatment varies significantly - both
  regionally and within the countries (waste
  management decision-making typically made at
  local level)
• Waste management undergoing changes at present in
  many regions
• gt development of general guidance covering all
  options a challenge

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Challenges

• Activity data poor data in many countries and it
  changes with time
• gt Default data will be provided but collection
  and use of country-specific data recommended
• Methods and parameters to estimate the emissions
  contain many uncertainties
• gt Data from measurements and e.g. landfill gas
  recovery will improve the methods - availability
  in time for the 2006 GLs?