The Civil Rights Movement

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The Civil Rights Movement

• 1954-1960

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Educational Separation in the US prior to Brown
Case
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Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka

• 3rd grader Linda Brown tried to enroll at an all
  white school and she was refused.
• Linda had to walk 21 blocks to her bus stop to
  ride to Monroe Elementary (segregated black
  school) 1 mi. away, while Sumner Elementary, a
  white school, was only 7 blocks from her house.
• May 17, 1954 Supreme Court unanimously decided
  that segregation of black children in public
  schools violates 14th Amendment
• This didnt end segregation in other public
  places nor did it say when the schools had to be
  desegregated, however, it was a big step towards
  civil rights.

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Thurgood Marshall
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Rosa Parks

• Dec. 1, 1955 42 year old Rosa Parks took a seat
  in the first row of the colored section of the
  bus.
• Bus begins to fill, and driver tells Rosa and 3
  others to stand she refused.
• Rosa is arrested for violating Montgomerys Jim
  Crow laws.
• News of this arrest soon spread.

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Rosa Parks
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Montgomery Bus Boycott

• In response to Rosas arrest, a boycott of the
  Montgomery buses was organized NAACP
• The churches of Montgomery were organized,
  including Dexter Ave. Baptist Church pastor is
  26 year old Martin Luther King Jr.
• MLK was elected to head the organization of the
  movement.
• Af. Ams. consisted of 75 of the riders.

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Montgomery Bus Boycott

• The boycott was so successful that they extended
  it from 1 day to 381 enduring the hardships of
  walking everywhere.
• In 1956, the Supreme Court found that segregation
  on Alabama buses was unconstitutional.
• Dec. 21, 1956 King and other Af. Ams. rode the
  buses for the first time.

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www.holtlaborlibrary.org
www.blackvoices.com
www.africanaonline.com
www.mccsc.edu
home.att.net
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MLK Jr.

• The success of the Montgomery bus boycott
  strengthened MLKs belief that non-violent
  protest was the most effective tool for gaining
  civil rights.
• King quickly became the most visible and eloquent
  spokesperson of the CR Movement
• Helped to est. the Southern Christian Leadership
  Conference (SCLC) in 1957.
• In 1960, King helped to est. the Student
  Nonviolent Coordination Committee (SNCC)

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(No Transcript)
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SCLC

• Opposed discrimination in public places, voting,
  and employment

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SNCC

• Young students who coordinated sit-ins, marches,
  and Freedom Rides

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Resisting Desegregation

• The Supreme Court ordered school districts to
  desegregate with all deliberate speed
• Many did, but deliberate speed was interpreted
  differently in the Deep South resistance soon
  began to develop.
• Little Rock, Arkansas, 1957 Gov. Orval Faubus
  uses the states Ntl Guard to prevent 9 Af. Am.
  students from entering the citys public high
  school.

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Resisting Desegregation

• Eisenhower took control of the Ntl. Guard and
  enforced the Brown decision.
• 1958 private academies est. blocked Af. Ams.
  from entering
• It soon became clear that more than court
  decision would be needed to end segregation.