Anxiety is normal

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Anxiety is normal

• There are even positives about anxiety

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Anxiety Symptoms

• Dizziness, light-headedness
• Hypertension
• Palpitations
• Restlessness
• Diarrhea

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• Tachycardia
• Tingling in extremities
• Tremors
• Upset Stomach
• Urinary frequency

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What makes an event stressful?
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• The nature of the event and how the person views
  it
• The persons resources
• The persons psychological defenses
• The persons coping mechanisms

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Epidemiology

• 1 in 4 have had an anxiety disorder
• Lifetime prevalence is 30.5 for women and 19.2
  for men
• Prevalence is lower for higher socioeconomic
  classes
• Onset usually prior to age 35

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Etiology

• Behavioral Theory
• Biology
• Genetics

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DSM-IV Anxiety Disorders
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Anxiety Disorder Due to a General Medical
Condition

• Hyperthyroidism
• Hypothyroidism
• Vitamin B12 deficiency

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Substance Induced Anxiety Disorder

• Amphetamine
• Cocaine
• Caffeine

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Anxiety Disorder NOS

• Mixed Anxiety-Depressive Disorder

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Panic Disorder and Agoraphobia
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DSM-IV Criteria for Panic Attack

• Heart palpitations
• Sweating
• Trembling or shaking
• Shortness of breath/ smothering

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• Feeling of choking
• Chest pain or discomfort
• Nausea or abdominal distress
• Dizzy, unsteady, lightheaded or faint

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• Derealization
• Fear of going crazy
• Fear of dying
• Numbness
• Chills or hot flashes

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Panic Disorder

• Recurrent unexpected panic attacks
• Followed by
• Persistent concern about having another attack
• Worry about attack implications
• Behavior changes as a result

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Separated into With Without
Agoraphobia
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Specific Phobia

• Most common mental disorder for women 2nd for
  men
• Common phobias animals, storms, heights,
  illness, injury, death

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Social Phobia
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Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder
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Contamination

• Germs and dirt
• Urine

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Pathological doubt

• Checkers

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Intrusive thoughts
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Symmetry
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Other

• Touching
• Counting

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Posttraumatic Stress Disorder
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Symptoms of PTSD

• Usually appear within 3 months of the trauma, but
  can surface years later
• Symptoms fall into 4 categories intrusive
  symptoms, avoidant symptoms, symptoms of
  hyperarousal, associated features.

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Intrusive Symptoms

• The traumatic event "intrudes" into their current
  life
• Flashbacks
• Nightmares
• Sudden, painful onslaught of emotions

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Avoidance Symptoms

• Avoid anything to do with the trauma
• Can't feel emotions
• Cant express emotions
• May avoid accepting responsibility
• May not expect to have a future

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Hyperarousal Symptoms

• Suddenly irritable or explosive
• Trouble concentrating
• Insomnia
• Exaggerated startle reactions
• Panic attacks

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Associated Features

• Substance abuse
• Suicide

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Somatoform Disorders

• Table 17-1 Clinical features of somatoform
  disorders

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Chronic Fatigue Syndrome

• Chronic disorder
• Of unknown cause
• Some doubt its existence

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Factitious Disorders

• Deliberate production or feigning of physical or
  psychological symptoms
• Motivation is to assume the sick role
• External incentives

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Dissociative Disorders

• Disorder of the 1980s.

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Dissociative Identity Disorder (MPD)

• 2 or more personalities
• Personalities recurrently take control of the
  person
• Inability to recall important personal information