Survey of Russian Literature

1
Survey of Russian Literature

• From Modernism to the Present

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Announcements

• Web Page http//russian.arizona.edu/courses/russl
  it2
• Next week new readings

3
Some expressions for the day

• From the Futurists
• ???????? ????????????? ?????
• ???? ???????? ???????, ????????????, ???????? ?
  ??????? ?????????????.
• ????? ????????? ???? ??????? (?????????. ??????.
  1954)
• ????????? ?????....(?????????. 1917)
• ?????? ??????? ?????? ? ????? ??? ???????
  (???????????)
• ??????? ??? ??????? ????? (????????. ?????? ?
  ?????????)
• ????????? ???????? (????????)

4
Films

• Film of Bulgakovs ??????? ??????
• Next film Sholokhovs ?????? ????????

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Periods of Soviet History

• War Communism, 1917-21
• NEP, 1921-28
• Building Socialism (Five-Year Plans), 1928-41
• World War II and Zhdanovism, 1941-53
• Thaws, 1953-64
• Stagnation, 1964-85
• Glasnost and Perestroika, 1985-91

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Maxim Gorky 1868-1936

• Aleksei Peshkov (real name)
• Political activist, short story writer, novelist,
  playwright
• Short stories about tramps
• Novel, The Mother
• Adviser to Stalin Socialist Realism

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Leon Trotsky (1879-1940)

• Theoretician
• Commissar for War 1918-25
• Ousted by Stalin
• Assassinated in Mexico

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War Communism (1917-21)

• Civil War Whites and Reds War with Poland
• Literature and culture
• Blok (Revolution) Babel (War with Poland)
• Modernism continues
• Solzhenitsyn, Sholokhov, Pasternak
  representations of the period
• Red Wheel, Quiet Flows the Don, Dr. Zhivago

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Post-Revolution Developments

• Socialist Revolutionaries opposition eliminated
• Shift of capital from Petrograd to Moscow
• NEP
• Formation of Soviet Union, December 1922

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NEP 1921-28

• New Economic Policy limited capitalism
• The New State and the Arts Hands Off!
• Fellow-Travelers (Trotskys term) ?????????
• Babel, Zamyatin, Zoshchenko and numerous others
  modernism continues

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Issues of the 1920s

• What is Soviet art
• What should it be?
• What direction should it take?
• How political should it be?
• What group(s) should be supported by the
  government?

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What are the groups?

• Serapion Brothers
• Lef and New Lef (??? and ????? ???)
• VAPP and RAPP

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What are the tendencies (???????????)?

• Realism (in the Tolstoy tradition)
• Experimentation (in the Futurist tradition)
• Romantic idealism

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First Five-Year Plan 1928-32

• Pressures for control growing
• Stalin consolidating power

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Bulgakov, Mikhail Afanasievich

• 1891-1940
• Heart of a Dog (1925)
• Master and Margarita (1928-1940)
• http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mikhail_Bulgakov

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Major Works

• ???????? ????? (1919?)
• ????? ??????? (19221924)
• ??????? ?? ???????? (1923)
• ????? (1925)
• ???????? ???? (1925)
• ??????? ???????? (1925)
• ?????? ?????? (1929)
• ???????? ????????? (1925)
• ??????? ???? (1924)
• ????????? ? ??????? (1925)
• ????????? ???? (1925)
• ???? ?????????? (1925)
• ??????? ?????? (1925)
• ?????? (1926)
• ??????? ? ??????. ??????? ?????????. (1926)
• ??? (1926-28)
• ???????? ?????? (1927)
• ?????? ? ????????? (19281940)
• ?????????? (1934)

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Pasternak, Boris Leonidovich

• 1890-1960
• Doktor Zhivago, 1910s-1956
• ?????? ???  ????? 1922
• ??????? ???? ? ???????? (1923),
• ????? ? ?????? ??????????? (1925)
• ???? ??????? ???????
• ????? ????????? ????? ??? ? ????????? ?????.

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2005

• ? ??????? ???????????? ????? ????????? ?????? ?
  ??????? ???????? ?????? ???????? ????????? ? 11
  ????? ????? ??????? 5000 ???????????.
• ???????? ?????????? ????? ????? ?. ?. ???????????
  ? ??? ????? ?. ?. ?????????.
• ????????????? ?????? ? ???????? ??????? ??????
  ????????
• ?????? ??? ???? ???????? ???????? ? ???? ?????,
  ?????? ???????, ??????, ????, ????????? ?????
  ?????? ??????, ????? ???????????? ?
  ???????????, ?????? ???????????? ????????.
• ???????? ????????? ????? ?????? ?????? ????
  (????? 1675 ?????). ? ?????????, ????????????,
  ????????? ???????????? ????????????? ? ?. ?.
  ??????????.
• ??????? ?????????????? ?????????????? ??????, ??
  ??????? ?????????? ?????? ?????? ??????????,
  ????????? ???? ?????, ??? ??????, ????????
  ????????????? ????????????, ?? ???????? ?
  ???????? ????????.
• ? ?????? ???????? ????? ???????? ????????
  ??????? ??????, ? ??? ????? ????????? ?
  ????????, ??????????? ???????, ?????? ????????
  ???????? ???????, ?????????? ??????? ?? ?????
  ????????? ?????, ??????????? ??????? ?? ?????
  ???????????, ???????? ?? ???????????? ?????
  ????? ??? ????????

19
Mayakovskys Poetry

• ??? ??????? ??????????? ?????????? ???????
  ????????????? ?????????? ????? ? ????????? ?
  ???????? ?????????? ???????????? ????????  ????
  ? ?????
• ??????????????? ?????????? ???????????? ?????? ?
  ?????? ?????????????? ??????????, ???????
  ???????? ??????????? ??????? ?????
• ?????? ??????????? ????? ?? ????????? ?????,
  ???????????? ? ???????
• ? ? 1923 ???? ?????????? ????????, ???????
  ????? ???????? ????????? ???????????).
  ????????? ???? ??????????? ? ? ?????????????
  ?????????????