S' pyogenes: Streptococcal pharyngitis

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Major Gram positive cocci in respiratory
conditions
S. pyogenes Streptococcal pharyngitis scarle
t fever rheumatic fever necrotizing
fasciitis flesh eating bacterium S. aureus
upper respiratory tract typical pneumonia
systemic infections TSS post-op
food poisoning epidermal impetigo,
Ritters syndrome, etc.
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Pneumonia pneumo lung consolidation
painful spots scaring decreased effective
respiratory surface area 1) typical
pneumococcal-like culturable a) S.
pneumoniae b) K. pneumoniae c) S. aureus
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pneumonia pathogens continued

• atypical
• a) Mycoplasma pneumoniae
• b) Legionella pneumophila
• c) Chlamydia pneumoniae
• Viral
• a) Respiratory syncytial virus - RSV
• b) Orthomyxovirus Influenza virus
• c) Rhinovirus common cold (Adeno, Corona)
• Fungal / protozoan Pneumocystis carinii - PCP

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respiratory pathogens continued

• Corynebacterium diptheriae
• Mycobacterium
• Mycobacterium tuberculosis
• Mycobacterium leprae

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Mycobacterium characteristics

• a) fastidious mainly intracellular parasites in
  macrophages
• b) highly aerobic respiratory, epidermal
  nervous tissue
• c) non-motile
• d) slow growing generation time 15hrs
• e) acid fast Ziehl Neelsen acid-fast stain

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Ziehl Neelsen acid-fast stain

• Procedure 1) prepare smear from sputum
• 2) carbol fuschin phenol primary stain
• 3) acid-alcohol destain
• 4) methylene blue counterstain
• Presumptive ID 1) long slender rods
• 2) acid-fast
• 3) banding or beading of cells

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respiratory pathogens continued
Bordetella pertussis Bacillus anthracis
Histoplasma capsulatum fungal
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Meninges - CNS
Neisseria meningitidis Heamophilus
influenza Listeria monocytogenes Streptococcus
agalactiae Viral meningitis Coxsackievirus
Echovirus
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Skin or parenteral route pathogens
Yersinia pestis Rickettsia rickettsii Borel
lia burgdorferi Plasmodium falciparum Clostridi
um perfringens botulinum
tetani
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Genitourinary pathogens

• Treponema pallidum
• Neisseria gonorrhea
• Chlamydia trachomatis
• Trichomonas vaginalis