University of North Texas EADP 4980 Public Health

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University of North Texas - EADP 4980 Public
Health Disasters, Summer 1 (2006)

• Will Bird Flu become a Pandemic Flu?
• Global to Local,
• Detection Prevention
• Paul Shirley, MPH 214-415-3953

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What is Bird Flu?

• Avian Influenza is a virus that usually affects
  only birds.
• It circulates among the wild bird population
• (and sometimes, pigs)
• and like some other flu viruses, can change, or
  mutate.

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All Bird Flu isnt the same!

• The avian influenza virus can be configured into
  more than 144 strains
• This is determined by the combinations of H and
  N surface proteins on the virus.
• H Hemaglutinin
• N Neuraminidase
• For example, the virus may be classified as
• H1N2 or H2N2 or H7N2.

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Terminology Example (More than you want / need
to know)

• H5N1 isolates are named A/chicken/Nakorn-Patom/Tha
  iland/CU-K2/04(H5N1)
• A stands for the species of influenza (A, B or
  C).
• chicken is the species the isolate was found in
• Nakorn-Patom/Thailand is the place this specific
  virus was isolated
• CU-K2/04 is the identifier distinguishing it from
  other isolates at the place of the specimen it
  was isolated from with 04 representing the year
  2004
• H5 stands for the fifth of 16 known types of the
  protein hemagglutinin. only H1, H2, H3 infect
  humans
• N1 stands for the first of several known types of
  the protein neuraminidase.

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One more thing re Bird Flu

• avian influenza strains come in one of two
  strengths, known as pathogenicity, or the
  ability to sicken or kill birds.
• Low pathogenic avian influenza (LPAI) may be
  inapparent (asymptomatic) or make birds slightly
  ill.
• Highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI), may
  make birds very sick, or cause large death losses.

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Jan-Nov23 2005
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Nations With Confirmed Cases H5N1 Avian Influenza
(May 19, 2006) 6/26/06
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Cumulative Number of Confirmed Human Cases of
Avian Influenza A/(H5N1) Reported to WHO 20 June
2006
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migratory birds monitoring

• Federal, state and local partners monitor and
  test migratory birds in a comprehensive program
  to provide an early warning if migratory birds
  are found infected with the Asian strain of H5N1
  or other highly pathogenic avian influenza.
  Credit DOI June 2006

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Flu Terms Defined

• Seasonal (or common) flu is a respiratory illness
  that can be transmitted person to person. Most
  people have some immunity, and a vaccine is
  available.
• Avian (or bird) flu is caused by influenza
  viruses that occur naturally among wild birds.
  The H5N1 variant is deadly to domestic fowl and
  can be transmitted from birds to humans. There is
  no human immunity and no vaccine is available.
• Pandemic flu is virulent human flu that causes a
  global outbreak, or pandemic, of serious illness.
  Because there is little natural immunity, the
  disease can spread easily from person to person.
  Currently, there is no pandemic flu.

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World Organization For Animal Health OIE
Office International des Epizooties
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• OIE Office International des Epizooties
• Organized in 1924 with 28 nations. Still
  referred to as OIE even though that name is no
  longer used
• 173 nations today
• US Representative Delegate
• Dr Ron DeHaven, Administrator, US Department of
  Agriculture (USDA)

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http//www.usda.gov
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Cooperating Agencies in the US Early Detection
Plan

• 545 wildlife refuges
• 833 NPS units

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• Avian influenza is a common disease of birds that
  rarely infects humans.
• Migratory birdstypically waterfowl, shorebirds,
  gulls and ternsare natural carriers of avian
  influenza, and are considered the natural
  reservoir for low-pathogenic strains of the
  disease.
• High-pathogenic strains (like H5N1) most affect
  poultry, and occasionally people who handle them.

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• Person-to-person transmission of avian influenza,
  including the H5N1 strain, is extremely rare.
• H5N1 has caused the largest and most severe
  outbreaks in poultry on record.
• H5N1 has been eliminated from countries such as
  Japan, South Korea, and Israel by quick and
  efficient eradication of the diseased domestic
  poultry.
• USGS Wildlife Health Bulletin 06-01 May 9, 2006

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U.S. Early Detection Plan

• Rapid investigation of wild bird mortality in the
  U.S.
• Surveillance in live wild birds
• Surveillance in hunter-killed wild birds
• The use of sentinel species to detect H5N1
• Environmental sampling of areas frequented by
  wild birds
• USGS Wildlife Health Bulletin 06-01 May 9,
  2006

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• www.tahc.state.tx.us
• As of late May 2006, nearly 50 human cases had
  been confirmed in Indonesia, a country roughly
  three times the size of Texas, but with 245
  million citizens and more than 780 million
  poultry, most in small, backyard flocks.
• In contrast, Texas has 23 million residents, and
  most of the states 100 million poultry are
  produced commercially.

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TAHC Reportable Diseases
66 Diseases in 8 categories, including, Cattle
11Horses 12 Poultry 12
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CL7 06-26-06-b Pandemic Flu-global to local
efforts (Paul Shirley, UNT EADP 4980) revB
6/26/2006 for Univ of North Tx EADP 4980 Public
Health Disasters class by instructor Paul
Shirley, 214-415-3953, paul_at_preparewell.com
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Global Outbreak Alert Response Network (GOARN) of
UN WHO

• http//hqswvilib.who.int85/streaming/eprfilms/GOA
  RN_Film_2005.wmv
• 3Min,41Sec
• Play from website http//www.who.int/csr/outbrea
  knetwork/en/