Healthy Athlete Shoes

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Healthy Athlete Shoes
Manar Bubshait
Dhai Al-Dossary
Amal Alsweedany
Rania Al-Saif
Dr. Afaf
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Outlines

• anatomy of the foot
• athletic shoe
• anatomy of the shoe
• recommendation for footwear
• lacing techniques
• types of shoes
• checklist for shoes

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Anatomy
Parts of the Foot The foot has three main
parts the forefoot, the midfoot, and the
hindfoot. Top View of Foot Bones Side
View of Foot Bones
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The forefoot is composed of the five toes (called
phalanges) and their connecting long bones
(metatarsals). Each toe (phalanx) is made up of
several small bones. The big toe (hallux) has two
phalanges, two joints (interphalangeal joints),
and two tiny, round sesamoid bones. The other
four toes each have three bones and two joints.
The phalanges are connected to the metatarsals by
five metatarsal phalangeal joints at the ball of
the foot. The forefoot bears half the body's
weight and balances pressure on the ball of the
foot. The midfoot has five irregularly shaped
tarsal bones, forms the foot's arch, and serves
as a shock absorber. The bones of the midfoot are
connected to the forefoot and the hindfoot by
muscles and the plantar fascia (arch ligament).
The hindfoot is composed of three joints and
links the midfoot to the ankle (talus). The top
of the talus is connected to the two long bones
of the lower leg (tibia and fibula), forming a
hinge that allows the foot to move up and down.
The heel bone (calcaneus) is the largest bone in
the foot. It joins the talus to form the subtalar
joint. The bottom of the heel bone is cushioned
by a layer of fat.
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Athletic Shoes
An athletic shoe is a generic name for a shoe
designed for sporting and physical activities,
and is different in style and build than a dress
shoe. Originally known as sporting apparel, today
they are known as casual footwear.
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Anatomy of The Shoes
A shoe is composed of different parts. The toe
box is the tip of the shoe that provides space
for the toes. The toe box may be rounded or
pointed and will determine the amount of space
provided for the toes.The vamp is the upper
middle part of the shoe where the laces are
commonly placed. Sometimes Velcro is used instead
of laces.The sole consists of an insole and an
outsole. The insole is inside the shoe the
outsole contacts the ground. The softer the sole,
the greater the shoe's ability to absorb
shock.The heel is the bottom part of the rear
of the shoe that provides elevation. The higher
the heel, the greater the pressure on the front
of the foot.The last is the part of the shoe
that curves in slightly near the arch of the foot
to conform to the average foot shape. This curve
enables you to tell the right shoe from the left.

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Recommendations for footwear

• Ask the salesperson to measure the length and
  width of each of your feet.
• So stand while your feet are being measured.
• Have your feet measured at the end of the day.
• The shoes you buy should be fitted to your
  longer and wider foot.
• Shoes should be fitted carefully to your heel as
  well as your toes.
• Walk around in the shoes to make sure they fit
  well and feel comfortable.
• Don't select a shoe by size alone. Buy the shoe
  that fits well.
• Select a shoe that conforms as closely as
  possible to the shape of your foot.
• Have your feet measured regularly. Their size
  may change as you grow older.
• If the shoes feel too tight. don't buy them.
  There is no such thing as a "break-in period."
  With time, a foot may push or stretch a shoe to
  fit. But this can cause foot pain and damage.
• If one of your feet is considerably larger than
  the other, an insole can be added to the shoe on
  the smaller foot.
• Fashionable shoes can be comfortable, too

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Lacing Techniques

• Certain lacing techniques for shoes can prevent
  injuries, alleviate pain, and relieve foot
  problems. The American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle
  Society urges individuals to follow these general
  lacing tips. Individuals with specific foot
  problems should follow these lacing techniques to
  get a good fit with their shoe
• Loosen the laces as you slip into the shoes. This
  prevents unnecessary stress on the eyelets (small
  holes for the lace) and the backs of the shoes.
• Always begin lacing shoes at the eyelets closest
  to your toes, and pull the laces of one set of
  eyelets at a time to tighten. This provides for a
  comfortable shoe fit.
• When buying shoes, remember that shoes with a
  larger number of eyelets will make it easier to
  adjust laces for a custom fit.

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The conventional method of lacing, crisscross to
the top of the shoe, works best for the majority
of people.Narrow Feet Use the eyelets farthest
from the tongue of the shoes. It will bring up
the side of the shoe.Wide Feet Use the eyelets
closest to the tongue of the shoe. This technique
gives the foot more space.Heel Problems Use
every eyelet, making sure that the area closest
to the heel is tied tightly while less tension is
used near the toes. When you have reached the
next to last eyelet on each side, thread the lace
through the top eyelet, making a small loop.
Then, thread the opposite lace through each loop
before tying it.Narrow Heel and Wide Forefoot
Use two laces. Thread through the top half of the
eyelets and the other lace through the bottom
half of the eyelets. The lace closest to the heel
(top eyelets) should be tied more tightly than
the other lace closest to the toes (bottom
eyelets).
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Types of shoes

• Mens wear.
• Work wear.
• Womens shoes.
• Children's shoes.
• Athletic shoes.
• Running shoes.

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Men's shoes
Most men's shoes conform to the shape of the feet
and have a roomy toe box with sufficient
horizontal and vertical space and a low heel
(usually about half an inch high). Soles made of
hard materials such as leather or soft materials
such as crepe can both be worn, but softer soles
tend to be more comfortable. If you stand for
extended periods of time, shoes with soft,
pliable soles will protect your feet and help
keep them comfortable.
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Work shoes
Work shoes are also available with varying
characteristics, depending on the wearer's
occupation. Boots made of thick leather with
steel toe boxes can be worn to protect the feet
from injury. Boots with varying degrees of
traction also are available.
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Women's shoes
Low-heeled shoes (one inch or lower) with a wide
toe box are the ideal choice for women. An ample
toe box that can accommodate the front part of
the foot is as important as the heel in
determining fit. High-heeled, pointed-toe shoes
can cause numerous orthopaedic problems, leading
to discomfort or injury to the toes, ankles,
knees, calves and back. Most high heeled-shoes
have a pointed, narrow toe box that crowds the
toes and forces them into an unnatural triangular
shape. These shoes distribute the body's weight
unevenly, placing excess stress on the ball of
the foot and on the forefoot.
This uneven distribution of weight, coupled with
the narrow toe box characteristic of most high
heels, can lead to discomfort, painful bunions,
hammertoes. and other deformities. As heel
height increases, the pressure under the ball of
the foot may double, placing greater pressure on
the forefoot as it is forced into the pointed toe
box. Even low-heeled shoes can cause problems if
they don't fit well. Years of wearing too-small
shoes can lead to permanent deformities
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Smart Tips for Wearing High Heels

• Wear a shorter heel. a 2-inch heel causes less
  problems than a 4-inch heel. A shorter heel will
  give an elongated appearance if it is a thin
  stiletto type rather than a thick or chunky heel.
• Try to save the use of your high heeled shoes
  for functions where you will not be on your feet
  for extended periods of time treat them as a
  limited privilege accessory.
• Take your designer shoes to a pedorthist to have
  them custom fit to your feet.
• Try wearing a larger size show than usual and
  insert heel cups indo the backs for a better or
  more comfortable fit.
• Wear open toe shoes instead of a
  similarly-styled shoe that causes discomfort in
  your toes.

Remember that however appealing those high-heel,
high-fashion shoes are, your feet need to carry
you around for a lifetime. Treat them kindly!
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Children's shoes
Children don't need shoes until they begin
walking, usually at around 12 to 15 months of
age. Until then, socks or booties are enough to
protect a crawling infant's feet and keep them
warm. When your child does begin standing and
walking, however, shoes provide an excellent form
of protection from injury. After your child
begins wearing shoes, there is nothing wrong with
letting him or her go barefoot indoors. A soft,
pliable shoe with plenty of room, such as a
sneaker, is the ideal shoe for children of all
ages. The toe box should provide enough space for
growth, and should be wide enough to allow the
toes to wiggle. (A finger's breadth of extra
length will usually allow for about three to six
months' worth of growth, though this can vary
depending on your child's age and rate of
growth.)
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Athletic shoes
The purpose of athletic shoes is to protect the
feet from the specific stresses encountered in a
given sport and to give the player more traction.
A jogging shoe will be designed differently from
an aerobics shoe, for example. The differences in
design and variations in material, weight, lacing
characteristics and other factors among athletic
shoes are meant to protect the areas of the feet
that encounter the most stress. The key
ingredient in a well-fitted athletic shoe is
comfort. A good fit will reduce blisters and
other skin irritations. Your orthopaedist is a
medical doctor with extensive training in the
diagnosis, and nonsurgical and surgical treatment
of the musculoskeletal system, including bones,
joints, ligaments, tendons, muscles and nerves.
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Running shoes
A good running or tennis shoe should have a wide,
cushioned heel and sole. The toe box should be
deep enough so the toes do not press against the
top and long enough to allow free motion and
gripping during running. There should be about a
thumbnail-length between the longest toe and the
toe of the shoe. If you don't allow enough space
for the toes, you can injure the toenails.
Running shoes should have spring in the forefoot
that is, the forefoot of the shoe should tilt up
off the ground when the shoe rests flat on the
ground. The running shoe should be flexible but
not limp the heel counter firm and padded to
support the heel.
The sole of the shoe should be cushioned enough
to absorb much of the shock of running. A soft
neoprene sole is a great help in absorbing shock.
Most running shoes have a built in arch support
this is desirable to avoid excessive pronation.
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Checking for shoes

• Good fit comfortably loose when worn with soft,
  absorbent socks
• Shaped like the foot broad and spacious in the
  toe area
• Shock-absorbent sole a low wedge type is best
  avoid high heels
• Breathable material canvas or leather, not
  plastic
• Comfortable the moment you put them on.

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THANX