B20 Biodiesel

1
B20 Biodiesel

• The Virginia Biodiesel Conference
• JMU
• November 16, 2004

2
B20 Biodiesel

• ARLINGTON COUNTYs Experience in Moving to
  Biodiesel
• l

3
B20 Biodiesel

• What got ARLINGTON COUNTY into Biodiesel?

4
B20 Biodiesel

• About ARLINGTON COUNTY
• 27 square miles across the Potomac River from the
  Washington Monument
• Diversified municipal fleet containing 1,164
• 365 Biodiesel (B-20) powered vehicles of which
  124 are School Buses
• 527 Gasoline (Regular Unleaded) powered vehicles
• 78 Ethanol (E-85) powered vehicles
• 42 Hybrid powered vehicles
• 22 Compressed Natural Gas (CNG) powered ART Buses
• 6 Propane (LPG) powered vehicles

5
B20 Biodiesel

• Getting started to use B-20
• Check with all engine manufacturers
• Stock up on vehicle fuel filters
• Clean the storage tanks
• Install external filter on the dispensers

6
B20 Biodiesel

• General Education
• Educate the drivers and operators with the
  benefits of B-20
• What to expect if the vehicles fuel filter is
  plugging up
• Educate the mechanics on what to expect

7
B20 Biodiesel

• FY 2004 Fuel Dispensed
• Biodiesel (B-20) 602,079 gallons
• Neat (B-100) 120,415 gallons 280 AFVs
• Regular Unleaded Gasoline 526,979
• Gallons
• Ethanol (E-85) 26,935 gallons
• Propane (LPG) 897 equivalent gallons
• Compressed Natural Gas (CNG) 70,218 equivalent
  gallons

8
B20 Biodiesel
9
B20 Biodiesel

• BIO-DIESEL (B-20) Bio-diesel (B-20) is twenty
  percent refined soybean fuel oil, a renewable
  fuel, called Neat oil and eighty percent No.2
  diesel fuel. EPA and DOE both consider this an
  alternative fuel. The B-20, soy bean oil, has
  been approved by all of the diesel engine
  manufacturers as an automotive fuel. They have
  not approved using re-refined cooking fats for
  their engines. The use of B-20 has greatly
  reduced the emission of black soot from our
  exhausts called particulate matter. It is also a
  good detergent that will clean any crud that may
  be suspended in the fuel tank which requires
  changing the fuel filters more often.
  Additionally, B-20 will thicken at a slightly
  higher temperature than straight No.2 Diesel fuel
  requiring an additive to lower the cloud point.
  We dispensed 602,079 gallons of B-20 in FY 2004.
  The exhaust emission reductions for using B-20
  were 617,997 lbs of Carbon dioxide (CO2), 449
  lbs. of Sulfate, 9796 lbs. of Carbon monoxide
  (CO), 6,103 lbs. of Hydro carbons (HC) and 459
  lbs. of Particulate Matter (PM). There was an
  increase of Ozone depleting Nitric oxide (NOx) of
  2,892 lbs.

10
B20 Biodiesel

• UNLEADED REGULAR GASOLINE Unleaded Regular
  Gasoline with an octane rating of 87 is used by
  all County gasoline powered vehicles, with the
  exception of our motorcycles which require using
  93 octane gasoline's. We dispensed 526,979
  gallons of Unleaded Regular Gasoline in FY 2004.

11
B20 Biodiesel

• ETHANOL (E-85) Ethanol (E-85) is fifteen percent
  unleaded regular gasoline and eighty-five percent
  Ethanol. The Ethanol is a refined, for
  automotive use, grain alcohol. Ethanol can only
  be used in vehicle engines designed to be fueled
  by this fuel, currently the E-85 engine is not
  available for all vehicle classes. Each year,
  through replacement, we are increasing the number
  of vehicles using E-85. Although this fuel
  pollutes less than Unleaded Regular Gasoline it
  also get one third less miles per gallon. We
  dispensed 26,935 gallons of E-85 in FY 2004,
  reducing unleaded gasoline dispensed by 22,895
  gallons. The Ethanol (E-85) emission reductions
  into the atmosphere compared to Unleaded gasoline
  were Carbon dioxide (CO2) 67,027 lbs., Carbon
  monoxide (CO) 517 lbs., Nitric oxide (NOx) 21
  lbs., Hydro carbons (HC) 101 lbs. and
  Particulate Matter (PM) 17 lbs.

12
B20 Biodiesel

• PROPANE (LPG) Propane is Liquid Petroleum Gas
  (LPG), the same fuel we use in our BBQ grills.
  Propane is considered an Alternative Fuel by the
  EPA and DOE. This fuel is used in a very limited
  number of vehicles because of the problems
  associated with the on-board LPG storage and it
  requires specially designed engines to use the
  fuel. We do use LPG to fuel the tar kettles and
  pothole patching machines. We dispensed 897
  equivalent gallons of LPG. The pounds of emission
  reductions for using LPG were CO2 6,548 lbs.,
  CO 210 lbs., HC 19 lbs. and PM 4 lbs.

13
B20 Biodiesel

• COMPRESSED NATURAL GAS (CNG) Compressed Natural
  Gas (CNG) is the same gas we use in our homes to
  heat and cock with but must be compressed to be
  stored on-board a vehicle. The vehicles must be
  designed to use CNG. Both DOE and EPA consider
  CNG an Alternative Fuel. CNG is the cleanest
  burning automotive fuel and is currently being
  used in our ART Buses. Two years ago Washington
  Gas removed the re-fueling compressor at the
  Trades Center and the ART Buses must use the
  Washington Gas re-fueling site at their facility
  off Edsall Road. We currently are working
  jointly with the State Department on a DOE grant
  to replace the CNG re-fueling site at the Trades
  Center. We used 70,218 equivalent gallons of
  CNG. The pounds of emission reductions for using
  CNG in the ART Buses during FY 2004 were CO2
  256,296 lbs., CO 23,157 lbs., NOx 17,810
  lbs., HC 6,125 lbs. and PM 1,231 lbs.

14
B20 Biodiesel

• BIODIESEL
• What is biodiesel? A high purity fuel made
  from 100 refined soybean oil that can be used in
  our existing diesel fuel infrastructure.
• NEAT is 100 biodiesel fuel and designated an
  alternative fuel by DOE and U.S.DOT.
• Biodiesel is made from a renewable resource and
  is domestically produced.
• Biodiesel provides improved lubricity compared to
  conventional diesel fuel and unlike ULTRA-LOW
  SULFUR DIESEL does not require an additive for
  lubricating the engine fuel injectors or pumps.
  Biodiesel does not require expensive
  modifications to engines and refueling
  facilities. However, biodiesel also acts as a
  tank cleaning agent and changing the fuel filters
  on the fuel dispenser and the vehicles is
  recommended.

15
B20 Biodiesel

• What is B20? B20 is a mix of 20
  NEAT(biodiesel) fuel and 80 No.2 (petroleum)
  diesel fuel
• B20 reduces unburned hydrocarbons (smog ozone
  ) producer by 11. For every 100 gallons of B20
  used the soot and smell of diesel exhaust and the
  following pollutants are not released into the
  atmosphere
• 4.13 pounds less carbon dioxide
• 0.14 pounds less sulfate
• 0.40 pounds less carbon monoxide
• 0.05 pounds less particulate matter

16
B20 Biodiesel

• What is ULTRA-LOW SULFUR diesel fuel?
  ULTRA-LOW SULFUR is a highly refined diesel
  fuel that has most of the sulfur removed from the
  fuel which helps reduce the soot and ozone from
  the exhaust of diesel engines.
• The Washington metropolitan area is a
  non-attainment area for ozone which will
  eventually require the use of the ULTRA-LOW
  SULFUR or the alternative B20
• The estimated cost of switching to B20 is
  projected to be approximately 0.18 cents per
  gallon. This is about the same as the projected
  cost of ULTRA-LOW SULFUR diesel fuel. The
  ULTRA-LOW SULFUR diesel fuel requires using an
  additive to provide the lubricity at an
  additional cost.
• We are planning to switch to B20 as soon as our
  Contractor (Fuelman) can arrange for deliveries
  and establish the billing invoicing procedures
  within the next few days.