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Discussion
Io is about the same size as the Earths Moon.
Why is Earths Moon geologically dead while Io is
so active? Why didnt Io cool at the same rate
as the Moon did?
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Discussion
What do you think causes all the cracks on
Europas surface?
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Discussion
Europa has only 3 impact craters greater than 5
km in diameter. What does this suggest about
Europa?
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Ganymede
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Dark terrain
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Bright terrain
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Discussion
What do you think causes the surface to be more
fractured on one side than the other?
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Callisto
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Valhalla
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Downslope movement of ice
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Discussion
Is it likely that Callisto was ever hot enough to
be molten? Why or why not?
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Discussion
What does the density of Saturns satellites tell
you about their composition?
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Discussion
Why dont the satellites of Saturn show a density
gradient like the Galilean satellites of Jupiter?

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Epimethius
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Mimas
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Enceladus
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Iapetus
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Titan
Titan is the second largest satellite in the
solar system with a diameter of 5150 km. It
has a density of 1.88 g/cm3 about the same as
Jupiters Ganymede and Callisto.
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Methane absorption lines
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Discussion
How come Titan has an atmosphere, whereas the
more massive Mercury does not?
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Voyager 1
Composition 90 nitrogen 1.5 atm With trace
amounts of methane (CH4), argon, hydrogen, carbon
monoxide, ethane (C2H6), acetylene (C2H2),
propane (C2H8), hydrogen cyanide (HCN).
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Discussion
Why does Titan have hydrogen in its atmosphere?
I thought hydrogen couldnt be held by anything
less massive than a Jovian sized planet.
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Why does Titan still have methane in its
atmosphere?
At the present rate of destruction, all of the
methane now in Titans atmosphere should be gone
in a few million years. Thus, there must be
some source of methane such as comets, volcanoes,
or underground springs.
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Discussion
With all the flammable gasses in Titans
atmosphere why doesnt the satellite explode?
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Discussion
Why is there no carbon dioxide in Titans
atmosphere?
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Discussion
Why does the atmosphere around Titan appear blue?

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UV light
Ultraviolet light breaks up methane, the hydrogen
escapes while the carbon is left behind to form
large, complex molecules, such as hydrogen
cyanide, ethane and acetylene. Both hydrogen
cyanide and acetylene can form dark polymers,
long repetitive chainlike molecular structures.
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The aerosols cannot stay suspended forever
As the polymers grow longer they will precipitate
out of the atmosphere and onto the surface.
Titan may have bodies of liquid ethane on its
surface.
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Discussion
Why doesnt Ganymede have an atmosphere?
Escape velocity 2.7 km/s Surface temperature
110 K Hint Jupiter is more massive than
Saturn.
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Huygens probe
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Similarities
Uranus and Neptune are about the same size, have
about the same rotation period and temperature.
Uranus and Neptune probably have very similar
compositions and internal structures. Neptune,
being more massive, probably has a larger rocky
core than Uranus.
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Atmospheres
Both planets have about the same atmospheric
composition Uranus Neptune Hydrogen 82.5
80 Helium 15.2 19 Methane 2.3 2 And
the same temperature at their cloud tops -360 F
or 55 K.
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Discussion
How can Uranus and Neptune both have the same
temperature, when Neptune is nearly twice as far
from the Sun?
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Differences
Neptune has a significant internal heat source
while Uranus does not. Why is not known.
Neptunes atmosphere has belts, storms and high
clouds, while Uranuss atmosphere is bland and
featureless.
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Uranus
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Neptune
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Discussion
The blue/green color of Uranus and Neptune are
caused by methane. What do you think happens
when ultraviolet light breaks up this methane?
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Discussion
Why is Uranuss atmosphere so plain compared to
Neptunes?
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