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Industry Trends and World Food Requirements

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Title: Industry Trends and World Food Requirements


1
Industry Trends and World Food Requirements
  • Chapter 2

2
Goals
  • Give a basic understanding of the many areas that
    the study of Animal Science covers
  • Areas
  • Animal Industry
  • Animal Behavior
  • Diseases/ Health
  • Meats
  • Nutrition
  • Genetics
  • Reproduction

3
What is Animal Science?
  • Collective study of domestic animals and the
    disciplines that affect production

4
What is Animal Science?
  • Animal Breeding and Genetics
  • The study of genetic code and how selection can
    improve measurable traits in animals
  • Nutrition
  • The study of nutrients and how animals utilize
    them
  • Reproduction
  • Study of estrous cycles and how chemical systems
    in the body affect production

5
What is Animal Science?
  • Behavior
  • Relatively new area which studies how animals
    interact in artificial environments and with each
    other
  • Meat Science
  • The science of handling, distributing and
    marketing of meat
  • Biotechnology
  • Includes the tools used to modify products to
    improve plants and or animals to develop and
    improve production variables

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7
Trends
  • Increased vertical integration (control of 2 or
    more industry segments by the same firm).
  • Ownership integration one firm owns 2 or more
    industry segments
  • Contract integration ownership of segments may
    be separate, but one firm may control (at least
    partially) multiple segments through contract
    arrangements

8
Trends
  • Production unit (farm/ranch/plant)
  • Fewer production units (fewer producers)
  • Larger average size
  • More specialization
  • Especially true for poultry, dairy, swine, beef
    feedlot. Less so for cow-calf and sheep
    producers.

9
Trends
  • Genetic base
  • Narrowing for poultry, swine and dairy
  • Relatively few breeds and few seedstock breeders
  • Trend toward large specialized companies
  • Beef cattle Many breeds and breeders. Number
    of breeds has increased.
  • Dairy cows Over 90 are purebred Holstein in
    U.S.
  • Sheep About 50 breeds in U.S. but only about 8
    are prominent

10
Trends
  • Increased geographic concentration
  • Somewhat related to weather, resources
  • Poultry
  • Chickens southeast
  • Turkeys southeast, MN, other
  • Swine Corn Belt traditional area recent growth
    in Mid-Atlantic and southern plains
  • Beef cow-calf and sheep relatively little
    concentration
  • Beef feedlot southern and middle plains
  • Dairy traditional area was northern states in
    mid to eastern US recent growth in a few sunbelt
    states

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16
Vertical Integration Incentives
  • Value Added Products
  • Greater opportunities exist for profit
  • New Product Development
  • - Add consumer ease
  • - Case Ready Products

17
Vertical Integration Incentives
  • Brand Marketing
  • Value Added Products
  • Brand Loyalty How much will you pay?
  • Successful CAB Certified Angus Beef

18
Vertical Integration Disincentives
  • Capital and Risk
  • Immense amount of dollars tied up in facilities
    and livestock for long durations of time

19
Vertical Integration Disincentives
  • Product Control
  • Different genetic pools
  • Different environments
  • Poultry more successful due to controlling the
    above.
  • Beef least successful.

20
Vertical Integration Disincentives
  • Greater Management
  • Need for control throughout requires a tremendous
    amount of supervision from Conception to
    Consumption

21
World Agriculture
  • Animals Supply Basic Human Needs
  • U.S. and Europe 3rd World
  • 1. 1.
  • 2. 2.
  • 3. 3.
  • 4. 4.
  • 5. 5.

22
World Agriculture
  • Animals Supply Basic Human Needs
  • U.S. and Europe 3rd World
  • 1. Food 1. Work
  • 2. Clothing 2. Clothing
  • 3. Fertilizer 3. Capital
  • 4. Companionship 4. Food
  • 5. Capital 5.

23
Levels of Agricultural Development
  • Developed
  • Less than 10 of population farming
  • Highly specialized ag production
  • 1 to 2 products
  • Highly mechanized
  • High per capita income
  • High literacy rate for total population

24
Levels of Agricultural Development
  • Subsistence
  • Approximately half of population farming
  • Each family consumes what it produces with small
    portion to sell
  • A lot of hand and animal labor
  • Low per capital income
  • Low literacy rate

25
Levels of Agricultural Development
  • Primitive
  • Entire population involved in food production
  • Scarcity of food
  • All done by hand, little animal assistance
  • Extremely low per capita income
  • Very few literate individuals

26
Factors Affecting World Production
  • Environment
  • Tropical
  • Deserts
  • Cold
  • Temperate

27
Factors Affecting World Production
  • Religion
  • Muslims
  • Judaism
  • Hindu

28
Factors Affecting World Production
  • Religion
  • Muslims
  • No Pork
  • Judaism
  • No Pork
  • Hindu
  • No Beef

29
Factors Affecting World Production
  • Economics
  • Developed
  • North America, Oceania (Australia, New Zealand),
    Israel, Japan, South Africa, Russia
  • Undeveloped
  • Africa, Asia, Latin America

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32
Food Supply
  • Protein Supply from Animal Products
  • U.S. Developing Countries
  • 70 35
  • Calories
  • U.S. Developing Countries
  • 66 Meat 16 Meat
  • 34 Grains/vegetables 84 Grains/vegetables

33
Food Expenditures
  • Income Spent on Food,
  • U.S. 7.5
  • Europe 11.5
  • Mexico 24.5
  • Developing 55.0

34
World Food Demand
  • World demand for food of animal origin will
    double during the next 25 years
  • Demand for white meat will increase twice as fast
    as demand for red meat

35
Reasons for increased food demand
  • Growth in world population
  • Hunger and malnutrition
  • Economic growth

36
Growth in world population
37
  • Livestock Industry Trends and World Food Demands
  • What are the different areas of Animal Science?
  • What is the basic structure of the Animal Science
    Industry?
  • What is vertical integration?
  • How has production unit changed over the years?
  • How has the genetic pool changed over the years?
  • What are the incentives to vertical integration?
  • Explain the different levels of agriculture
    development.
  • How does religion affect animal products
    production?
  • In terms of protein intake, how does the U.S.
    differ from developing countries?
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