Intelligent Transportation Systems ITS

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• Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS)
• Advanced Options for Highways and Transit
• Joyce Wenger Booz Allen Hamilton

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Current Mobility Challenges in Northern Virginia
Increased congestion in all modes and
transportation networks
Balancing demand with existing road capacity
Budget shortfalls due to decreased fuel tax
revenues
Evolving government strategy, policy, and
responsibilities
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Intelligent Transportation Systems Part of the
Solution

• ITS computer, sensor, and communication
  technologies integrated with the transportation
  infrastructure or vehicles, and applied to the
  management of transportation systems to
• Manage transportation in a safe and efficient
  manner
• Monitor traffic conditions (congestion,
  accidents, incidents, construction work, weather,
  major events)
• Control traffic flow
• Provide information to the traveling public about
  traffic conditions
• ITS is evolving as technologies improve
• Computers From basic signal systems to
  coordinated and dynamically controlled systems
• Sensors From loop detectors to CCTV cameras to
  vehicles as probes
• Communication From wires to WiFi to satellite to
  dedicated short-range communication (DSRC)

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ITS Timeline of Events
Metropolitan Model Deployments begin
ISTEA legislation
NEXTEA legislation
ITS America
Vehicle Infrastructure Integration
Intelligent Vehicle Highway System
Automated Highway System Demo
ITS Joint Program Office
ITS National Architecture
1988
1991
1994
1997
2000
Future
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Convergence and Integration of Technology
Enabling ITS

• Enabling technologies
• Sensor systems
• Communication technologies
• Computer/electronic technologies

Satellite to Vehicle GPS
Transportation Management Center

DSRC
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ITS Applications Address Traveler and
Transportation Management Needs
Transit Management
Arterial Management
Incident Management
Freeway Management
Traveler Information
Information Management
Electronic Payment
Emergency Management
Roadway Operations and Maintenance
Commercial Vehicle Operations
Crash Prevention and Safety
Road Weather Management
Driver Assistance Systems
Collision Notification Systems
Collision Avoidance Systems
Intermodal Freight
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Traveler Information Multimodal and Regional

• Pre-trip information

• En-route information

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Freeway Management for Drivers and Managers

• Surveillance
• Ramp control
• Lane management (HOV, variable speed limits)
• Special events management
• Information dissemination

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Transit Management

• Safety
• Demand management (ride sharing, scheduling)
• Information dissemination
• Fleet management (AVL)

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Arterial Management

• Surveillance
• Adaptive signal control
• Variable speed limits
• Transit signal priority
• Emergency evacuation
• Congestion pricing
• Enforcement (such as red light running cameras)

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Incident and Emergency Management

• Surveillance
• Response
• Information dissemination
• Clearance
• Hazardous materials tracking
• Medical services

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Electronic Payment

• Coins to open road payment
• Congestion pricing
• High occupancy toll (HOT) lanes
• Contactless payment cards or key fobs for transit

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Whats it worth? The benefits of implementing
ITS technologies
Improved Efficiency of Public Transport
Shorter Travel Times
Increased Capacity and Throughput
Improved Safety
Intelligent Transportation Systems
Reduced Environmental Burdens
Improved Safety and Security
Solving Problems of Road Maintenance
Reduced Costs
Fewer Traffic Violations
Improved User Satisfaction
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Safety Benefits

• Automated enforcement of traffic signals has
  reduced red-light violations by 20-75.
• Studies of traffic management centers using ramp
  meters show freeway management systems reduce
  accidents by 15-50.
• Variable speed limits with lane controls on the
  German Autobahn reduced injury accidents by
  20-29 saving approximately 4 million/year.
• In Pennsylvania, Traffic and Incident Management
  Systems (TIMS) decreased secondary incidents on
  highways by 40 between 1993 and 1997.
• In Florida, driver uncertainty about toll plaza
  configuration and traffic speeds contributed to a
  48 increase in accidents at E-PASS toll
  stations.
• Models of ARTIMIS in Cincinnati and Northern
  Kentucky estimated traveler information reduced
  fatalities by 3.2.

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Mobility Benefits

• Field studies in several cities have shown that
  adaptive signal control systems can reduce delay
  by 5-42.
• Advanced Traffic Management Systems (ATMS) in the
  Astrodome area reduced congestion delay by 46.
• Computer-Aided Dispatch (CAD) and Automatic
  Vehicle Location (AVL) technologies improved
  on-time bus performance by 9-23.
• The I-95 Traffic and Incident Management System
  in Pennsylvania cut highway incident closure time
  by 55.
• The New Jersey Turnpike Authority E-Zpass system
  has reduced vehicle delay by 85.
• In the DC metro area, a simulation model
  estimated that commuters who used traveler
  information improve their on-time reliability by
  5-16.
• The Tappan Zee Bridge in New York shows increased
  throughput with ETC. The Manual lane handles
  400-450 vehicles/hour (vph), and the ETC lane
  1000 vph.

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Energy and Environmental Benefits

• Model estimates showed advanced traffic signal
  control systems can reduce fuel consumption by
  2-13.
• In Denver, CO, dynamic message signs (DMSs) that
  displayed real-time vehicle emission levels
  motivated most motorists surveyed to consider
  repairs.
• Based on calculations of incident delay
  reduction, models of the Maryland CHART system
  showed fuel savings of 4.1 million gallons/year
  in 2000.
• Models indicate E-Zpass saves 1.2 mil gallons of
  fuel/year, 0.35 tons of VOC/day, and 0.056 tons
  NOx/day.
• Models of vehicle emissions in Boston showed
  users of Smart Traveler generated 1.5 less NOx
  and 25 less VOCs.

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Customer Satisfaction Benefits

• In Michigan, 72 of surveyed drivers felt "better
  off" after signal control improvements.
• After the Twin Cities ramp meter shutdown test,
  support for a complete shutdown fell from 21 to
  14.
• In Denver, installation of an AVL/CAD system
  contributed to improved schedule adherence.
  Customer complaints decreased by 26 per 100K
  boardings.
• 20 of surveyed travelers on two bridges in Lee
  County, Florida, adjusted their departure times
  as a result of value pricing at electronic
  tolls.
• In Philadelphia, 66 of surveyed commuters
  changed their departure time, and 86 changed
  their route after receiving traveler information.

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Productivity Benefits

• In San Jose, CA, a paratransit scheduling and
  routing system increased shared rides by 45 and
  reduced operating costs 500K the first year.
• Transit signal priority on a Toronto Transit Line
  allowed same level-of-service with less rolling
  stock.
• In Minnesota, a 600K/year Highway Helper Program
  reduced the average duration of stall incidents
  by 8 minutes, saving 1.4 million/year in delay
  costs.
• In New Jersey, automated fare collection
  increased revenues by 12, and saved an estimated
  2.7 million from the reduced cost of handling
  fare media.
• In the DC area, models showed pre-trip departure
  notification can reduce early/late arrivals and
  save 40 of users 60 or more each year in lost
  time.

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Whats Next Vehicle Infrastructure Integration
(VII)

• Two-way, vehicle-to-vehicle, and
  vehicle-to-roadside communication to support a
  new suite of services for improved safety,
  mobility, and commercial applications
• Safety based on cooperative vehicle-to-vehicle
  and vehicle-to-roadway interaction
• Reduced intersection collisions
• Reduced lane and road departure
• Warnings for road condition, accidents, curves,
  work zones
• Mobility improvement from shared information
• Emergency management
• Tailored traveler information (travel time,
  weather, routing)
• Signal timing and other traffic management
• Transit coordination
• Consumer convenience, entertainment, and business
• Parking location assistance
• Remote diagnostics
• Electronic payment, toll collection, electronic
  clearance
• Entertainment