Phi Theta Kappa Leadership Development Studies Unit 3

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Phi Theta Kappa Leadership Development
StudiesUnit 3

• Understanding Ethical Leadership

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Reflect Focus

• To be a moral leader is to reason, directly or
  indirectly with others, to expand their sense of
  the possible, the desirable, the undesirable, and
  so at times to restrain others, warn them of
  dangers, even as one is alerting them to possible
  gains, achievements to uplift, to try to help
  enable ideals, give them the life of a personal
  and social reality.
• Robert Coles

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What are Ethics?

• Ethics are NOT morals
• They are an outgrowth of morality
• Ethics are actions based on a concept of right
  and wrong.
• Sheila Murray Bethel
• A Leader has High Ethics Building Trust with
  Your Followers

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Universal Human Values

• Finding an Ethical Common Ground R. Kidder
• Love
• Truthfulness
• Fairness
• Freedom
• Unity
• Tolerance
• Responsibility
• Respect for Life

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Values Approaches to Leading Ethically

• The Utilitarian Approach
• The Rights Approach
• The Fairness or Justice Approach
• The Common-Good Approach
• The Virtue Approach
• Velasquez, Andre, Shanks, Meyer, and Meyer
• Thinking Ethically A Framework for Moral
  Decision Making

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Utilitarian Approach

• Jeremy Bentham, John Stuart Mill, 19th century
• Ethical actions are those that provide the
  greatest balance of good over evil, an action is
  morally right if and only if it produces at least
  as much good (utility) for all people affected by
  the action as any alternative action the person
  could do instead.

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Rights Approach

• John Locke, Immanuel Kant, 18th century
• People possess absolute rights, and actions
  which violate these rights are unethical. e.g. it
  is a violation of human dignity to use people in
  ways they do not freely choose.
• Other rights to truth, to privacy, not to be
  injured, to what is agreed

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Fairness or Justice Approach

• Aristotle
• equals should be treated equally and unequals
  unequally. Aristotle
• each getting what he or she is due. Cambridge
  Dictionary of Philosophy

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Common Good Approach

• Plato, Aristotle, Cicero
• Common good refers to those arrangements that
  promote the full flourishing of everyone in the
  community. Cambridge Dictionary of Philosophy

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Virtue Approach

• Aristotle, Plato, and Aquinas (Renaissance)
• Assumes there are certain ideals toward which we
  should strive, which provide for the full
  development of our humanity.
• Classical virtues courage, wisdom, temperance,
  justice (and piety for Aristotle)
• Renaissance virtues reason, and Aquinas adds
  theological virtues faith, hope, charity

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Determining the Ethical Course?

• The Authors of the article suggest asking
  ourselves five questions when considering what
  action will be the ethical course, and thus
  consider all five approaches
• Which alternative leads to the best overall
  consequences?
• What rights are involved and which alternative
  best respects those rights?
• Which alternative does not show favoritism or
  discrimination?
• Which alternative advances the common good?
• Which alternative develops moral virtues?

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Billy Budd

• Is Captain Vere behaving/leading ethically?

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Film Study Miss Evers Boys

• Is Dr. Brodus behaving/leading ethically?
• Is Nurse Evers behaving/leading ethically?

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Check the time !

• If 20 30 minutes remains, go on to Whom to
  Choose

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Whom to Choose?

• The 25 patients include
• A baby
• The babys parents
• The babys grandparents
• 2 toddlers, ages 2 and 3
• 5 school age children, ages 5, 6, 8, 11, and 14
• A single mother of two
• 2 thirty-something couples

• A teacher
• 2 of the medical office employees
• 3 recent retirees
• The couple who own the convenience store/gas
  station