Basic Computer Networking

1
Basic Computer Networking

• Bowling Green Independent Schools
• School Technology Specialist Training
• 3/3/2001

2
Agenda for the Day

• Introduction and overview of training objectives
• K12 Guide to Networking and discussion
• Walking tour of BGHS MDF IDF2, questions
• Walking tour of 11th St. MDF, questions
• Hands on computer networking at TPDC Computer lab
• Lab use of tutorial software INTEL Guide to
  Networking
• Wrap-up

3
District Goal

• Assist schools to become self-sufficient with
  technology planning, budgeting, acquisition,
  installation and setup of technology equipment,
  network administration, and user training so that
  the school can handle the day-to-day technology
  tasks within the building
• STS backgrounds and knowledge levels
• School differences

4
Our School District

• Our school district is a collection of schools
  and special facilities where instruction occurs
  on a daily basis.
• We have nine schools, WCRJF, District Office,
  CCSU, JJC, KERA Pre-School
• Each school is a collection of computers,
  instructional and admin software, network
  equipment which comprise the school local area
  network (LAN) which is a part of the district
  wide area network (WAN)

5
What is a Computer Network?

• Group of computers, printers, and other devices
  connected together with or without cables
• Allows users to exchange documents and data with
  each other, print to the same printers, and to
  share all hardware and software resources
  connected to the network

6
Example of a computer network

• Sample network diagram the types of equipment
  that you can expect to discover on a typical
  computer network

7
The Need for Speed

• Bandwidth costs .
• The more users/applications that you have on the
  school network (and between networks) requires
  that you have greater bandwidth and faster
  switching capabilities

8
Benefits of Computer Networks

• Store and retrieve information across networks
• Allows use of different equipment
• Share information by collaborating
• Cost effective resource sharing (printers,
  CDROMs, email systems, networkable software, etc.)

9
Computer network usage within BGISD

• Instructional
• Classroom and lab instructional software
• Library automation
• Student home directories
• AR, AM, STAR
• BreakThrough to Literacy, FastForward
• Nortel NetKnowledge
• MIE Keyboarding

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Computer network usage within BGISD

• Administrative
• Pupil attendance, scheduling, grades
• Cafeteria management
• Personnel admin, payroll, insurance
• Web services
• Email and Internet proxy services
• Faculty/staff home directories

11
Types of Computer Networks

• Peer to Peer
• Client Server
• Centralized

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Peer to Peer Computer Networks

• A peer to peer network lacks a dedicated server
  and every computer acts as both a client and a
  server. This is a good networking solution when
  there are 10 or less users that are in close
  proximity to each other. A peer to peer network
  can be a security nightmare.

13
Peer to Peer Networks

• Example Windows networking (via Win95 or
  Win98/ME) setup in a small office or home setting

14
Client Server Computer Networks

• Type of network designed to support a large
  number of users and uses dedicated server(s).
  Clients log on to the server(s) in order to run
  applications or obtain files. Security and
  permissions can be managed by one or more
  administrators. A centralized NOS can provide a
  host of other services.

15
Client Server Network

• Example our Novell or WinNT server computer
  networks within the schools
• Allow simultaneous access to multiple users to
  multiple network resources

16
Centralized Computer Networks

• Most often seen in Unix environments, where the
  clients are dumb terminals. This means that
  the client may not have a floppy drive, hard disk
  or CDROM and all applications and processing
  occur on the server(s). Security is very high on
  this type of network.
• Thin client networks connected to a Windows
  Transaction Server or Citrix server.

17
Characteristics of Computer Networks

• Topology
• Bus
• Star
• Ring
• Mesh
• Media Access Control Method
• Ethernet can be configured as bus or star
• Token Ring physically configured as star
• ARCNet physically configured as bus or star
• FDDI can be configured as bus or star
• Protocols such as 802.2, 802.3, Ethernet_II,
  TCP/IP, NetBEUI
• Architecture and physical layout

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Network Topologies

• Examples of network topologies

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Physical bus topology
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Distributed bus topology
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Physical star topology
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Distributed star topology
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Physical star-wired ring topology
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Components of computer networks

• Server
• Server NOS
• Novell NetWare
• Win NT and Win2000
• AIX
• Apple

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Components of computer networks

• Server backup equipment and software
• Hubs
• Switches
• MAUs
• Routers / Gateway
• Cable Plant

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Components of computer networks

• Terminal equipment
• Computer
• Computer operating system
• NIC
• NOS client software

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Components of computer networks

• Local area networks
• Wide area networks

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Network Interface Card (NIC)

• Typical NIC installed in classroom computer

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Network Adapters (NIC)

• NICs come in more than one variety
• They are made in many varieties for different
  types of equipment and for different media access
  control methods

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Common guided transmission media

• Cable in many different forms is used as the
  media to connect computer networks

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Transmission Media

• Cable and wireless media information

32
OSI Seven Layer Model

• Standards are very important in computer
  networking.
• Standards were developed to make sure that all
  parts work together even when made by different
  manufacturers.
• The OSI seven layer model is the standard for how
  data transactions are handled on a computer
  network

33
OSI Seven Layer Model

• Additional information about OSI model.

34
OSI Seven Layer Model

• Examples of normal transactions as they move from
  the physical layer to the application layer

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BGISD Visio Network Diagrams

• Novell NetWare Servers (Handouts)
• Win NT Servers (Handouts)
• Central Office File Servers (Handouts)

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Thin Ethernet network (physical bus, logical bus)
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10Base-T Ethernet network (physical star, logical
bus)
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Logical ring topology
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Switching
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Various networking hardware connected to form a
simple network
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Internetworking through a bridge
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Internetworking two networks using different
types of network adapters (MAC) in one NetWare
server, by means of the server's internal routers
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Internetworking two networks using the same type
of network adapter (MAC) in one NetWare server,
by means of the server's internal routers
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Internetworking multiple networks using different
types of network adapters (MAC) in two NetWare
servers, by means of internal and
standalonerouters
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On 100Base-TX networks, the physical topology is
a star and the logical topology is a bus. A
broadcast signal travels to all parts of the cable
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Host systems connected to a complex Multiserver
NetWare network
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On 100VG-AnyLAN networks, both the physical and
logical topologies are stars. The signal from one
node goes to the intelligent hub and is routed
only to the correct destination node
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A simple server-based backbone connecting two LAN
segments
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Frame relay is a WAN technology that enables
companies to connect LANs through a
telecommunications carrier's network
50
INTEL Guide to Networking

• A graphical interactive CAI Networking Tutorial
  (597k)
• Install this program on your office or classroom
  workstation for additional training
• Download at http//www.b-g.k12.ky.us/STS
  /Training/BCN/Intel.exe

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Further Readings

• Novell Documentation NetWare 5.1 -
  http//www.novell.com/documentation/lg/nw51/docui/
  index.html
• Computer Networking Home Page -
  http//compnetworking.about.com/compute/compnetwor
  king/
• Network Primer - http//www.pennteck.com/PDSICorp/
  LANPrimer/00Begin.htm
• Networking Guide Basic LAN Architecture -
  http//www.zyxel.com/html/networkingguide/LAN/loca
  lareanetwork.html
• Washington State - K12 Guide to Networking
• http//www.b-g.k12.ky.us/STS/Training/k12-Guide-to
  -networking.pdf (view and download)
• This PowerPoint presentation
  http//www.b-g.k12.ky.us/STS/Training/BCN/BCN-STS.
  ppt (download) or http//www.b-g.k12.ky.us/STS/Tra
  ining/BCN/BCN-STS.htm (view)