APAG Ch' 5 Civil Rights: Equal Protection

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APAG Ch. 5Civil Rights Equal Protection
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• _________ segregation means racial segregation
  that occurs because of laws or governmental
  decisions.

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• De jure segregation

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• Where in the Constitution was inequality of
  African Americans ended?

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• 13th, 14th, 15th Amendments and the Emancipation
  of Proclamation

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• What was a major roadblock to the passage of the
  1964 Civil Rights Act in the Senate?

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• The longest filibuster in the history of the
  Senate by Republican Strom Thurmond.

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• According to the U.S. Constitution, prior to
  amendments, slaves were referred to as
  __________.

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• other persons

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• Most historians believe that the decision by the
  Supreme Court, ___________, contributed to the
  Civil War.

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• Dred Scott

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• The ____ Amendment prohibited slavery and
  involuntary servitude.

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• 13th Amendment

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• The ______ Amendment stipulates that no state
  shall deprive individuals of the privileges and
  immunities enjoyed by citizens of the U.S.

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• 14th Amendment

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• What ended the brief period of enfranchisement
  (voting) by African Americans after the Civil War?

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• The withdrawal of Federal troops from the South.

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• In Smith v. Allwright, the Supreme Court found
  _________ to violate the 15th Amendment.

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• White primaries

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• Which Supreme Court case led to the development
  of a system of legal racial segregation in the
  South?

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• Plessy v. Ferguson
• (It stated that separation of the races was not a
  violation of the Constitution)

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• Why did the Supreme Court invalidate the 1875
  Civil Rights Act?

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• It stated that the 14th Amendment was aimed at
  limiting state action, not the actions of private
  citizens.

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• Why were the civil rights acts of the 1870s
  special?

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• Because they extended the power of Congress for
  private action in racial discrimination.

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• The _______ of 1870 specified criminal sanctions
  for interfering with the right to vote.

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• Enforcement Act of 1870

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• What was a major reason for the Civil Rights Acts
  of 1865-1877 politically?

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• To reduce the power of the Democratic party in
  the South.

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• Which amendment allowed males of all races the
  opportunity to vote?

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• 15th Amendment

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• _______ segregation means segregation because of
  previous conditions, not deliberate intentions.

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• De Facto Segregation

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• What was an unintended effect of the Supreme
  Courts direction of all deliberate speed
  toward achieving integration in public education?

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• It was used as a loophole by some jurisdictions
  to delay integration.

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• What is the doctrine that holds that segregation
  in schools and public accommodation does not
  imply that one race is superior to the other
  called?

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• Separate but equal doctrine

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• What were the laws called in the South that
  required the segregation of the races?

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• Jim Crow laws.

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• What did the Supreme Court rule in Brown v. Board
  of Education of Topeka (1954)?

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• Public school segregation of the races violates
  the equal protection clause of the 14th Amendment.

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• What did the Supreme Court tell the lower federal
  courts in Brown V. Board of Education?

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• The lower federal courts had to take a more
  active role in society.

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• What did recent Supreme Court decisions like
  Board of Education v. Dowell and Freeman v. Pitts
  allow?

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• They have allowed de facto segregation in public
  schools.

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• What techniques were used to successfully
  integrate interstate buses?

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• Sit-ins and boycotts.

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• Which law forbade discrimination of the basis of
  race in the 1960s?

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• Civil Rights Act of 1964

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• What is unlimited talking to halt an action on a
  bill in the Senate called?

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• Filibuster

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• What is the method used in the Senate to close
  off a filibuster?

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• Cloture
• (requires 3/5 of the entire Senate or 60 votes to
  pass)

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• Which law in the 1960s eliminated discriminatory
  voter registration tests?

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• Voting Rights Act of 1965

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• About how many people immigrate to the U.S.
  annually?

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• One million people.

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• What is the movement that supports political,
  economic, and social equality for women called?

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• feminism

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• Why is the blurring of racial distinctions
  significant for the civil rights agenda?

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• The Classifications are used by state and federal
  governments to determine eligibility for certain
  benefits.

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• What was one of the first organizations to
  advocate the enfranchisement of women?

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• American Woman Suffrage Association

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• What percentage of the Fortune 500 companies in
  American have a woman as one of their five
  highest paid executives?

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• 12

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• Protective policies violate ______ of the Civil
  Rights Act of 1964.

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• Title VII

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• The Supreme Court sough to define _________ in
  Hariss v. Forklift Systems, Inc.

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• hostile environment
• (such as sexual harassment)

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