Towards Carbon Neutrality: HSBC Partnership in Environmental Innovation

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Towards Carbon Neutrality HSBC Partnership in
Environmental Innovation
Decarbonising Culture
Newcastle November 23rd 2006
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Issues to consider
today
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The Climate Dimension
Thermal Comfort is important Even in ideal
environment 2.5 of people will be too cold and
2.5 will be too hot. Estimate heating and
cooling requirements from Degree Days
Heating requirements are 10 less than in
1960 Cooling requirements are 75 higher than in
1960. Changing norm for clothing from a business
suite to shirt and tie will reduce clo value
from 1.0 to 0.6. To a safari suite 0.5.
Equivalent thermal comfort can be achieved with
around 0.15 to 0.2 change in clo for each 1 oC
change in internal environment.
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The Transport Dimension Behavioural Issues

• Car 5 door Toyota Yaris
• Real performance is best at 50 mph. Saves up
  to 15 in fuel consumption cf 70 mph.
• Driver 1 has a fuel consumption 8 higher over
  mid range of speeds

• Driver behaviour trials at Banham Poultry
• Driver behaviour affects performance
• Driver 2 uses 13.8 more fuel

Yaris Journey Norwich to Newcastle
return Driver 2 would save 10 or 4 litres of
petrol Extra time per journey lt 20 minutes
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The Transport Dimension Cultural Issues

• Distance each tonne has travelled has increased
  by
• 223 since 1960
• 20 since 1990
• Is this increase in movement of freight conducive
  to optimum economic growth, energy security, and
  carbon reduction?

• Car travel (2004 statistics)
• 679 billion passenger kilometres
• 398 billion vehicle kilometres
• Average occupancy 1.71. (cf 1.81 in 1980)
• Raising occupancy to 1980 level would save 3.71
  Mtonnes CO2
• Raising occupancy to 2 would save 9.9 Mtonnes CO2

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The Transport Dimension Cultural Issues
Personal Mobility Does Public Transport reduce
car travel?
More use of car gt more total distance
travelled. Greater distance by train gt greater
use of car. Compare UK with Germany switch UK
car journeys to public transport at German
levels. CO2 saving by train
1.01 M tonnes
CO2 saving by bus 0.74 M
tonnes Reducing mobility desire 9.22
M tonnes
Suggests overriding issue is increased desire for
mobility in UK rather than significant switching
of mode of transport.
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Providing Public with more information
The Transport Dimension Cultural Issues

• Impact of carbon emissions
• Petrol receipt from Denmark

• Individuals often go for budget airlines for the
  cheap weekend break in Europe. Is this
  rational?
• e.g. Paris for weekend break

29th Sept - 2nd Oct 29th Sept - 2nd Oct 29th Sept - 2nd Oct 27th Oct - 30th Oct 27th Oct - 30th Oct 27th Oct - 30th Oct
BMIBaby EasyJet Eurostar BMIBaby EasyJet Eurostar
Return Tickets 95.00 86.18 124.00 9.00 56.58 79.00
Airport Taxes 55.20 14.50   55.20 14.50  
LondongtAirport 8.00 22.40   8.00 22.40  
CDG gt Gare du Nord 13.00 13.00   13.00 13.00  
Total 171.20 136.08 124.00 85.20 106.48 79.00
Total Time 0405 0415 0300 0405 0415 0300
Prices as per respective WEB Sites on 19th Sept.
2006
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The Transport Dimension UEAs performance

• Analysis of Journeys made by Researchers in
  School of Environmental Sciences (November 2005).
• Total accountable travel
• (Nov 2005) 127326 km
• Total accountable CO2
• (Nov 2005) 13.93 t
• For UEA for whole year
• 1335 t
• Alternative estimate 1424 t

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The Transport Dimension Accounting Issues

• Should University be debited with Gross Emission
  or Incremental Emission?
• Example - Journey Norwich to London
• By car 31 kg CO2
• A train consumes 2600kWh and emits 1350 kg CO2
• With average passenger loading gt 6.9 kg per
  passenger
• a saving of
  24.1kg?
• But train still runs and if journey is not made
  reduction in CO2 emitted for the journey is
  0.44kg
• i.e. the true saving from choice for UEA is 31
  0.44 or 30.5 kg
• Who should account for public transport
  emissions?
• Should an organisation merely be debited with the
  incremental Emission
• What are the boundaries?

Society as a whole???
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UEA Carbon Dioxide emissions
Travel
Imported Electricity
Gas

• UEA is penalised under EU-ETS for generating its
  own electricity on site.
• Travel element based on survey in November 2005
  of auditable travel. Assumes gross emission for
  train travel

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UEA Space Heating Energy Requirements 2001 - 2006

• Heat Energy delivered increased by 16.5
• However
• 2005 06 was 13.0 colder than 2001 02
• Floor area increased by 16.7 over period
• Heating Energy consumption per unit area
  normalised for climate reduced by 12 or 2.6 per
  annum

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UEA Electricity Generation and Imports 2001 -
2006
Year runs from August - July
Demand for Heat is low in summer plant cannot
be used effectively
More electricity could be generated in summer
CO2 emissions from electricity imports As fuel
mix for generation has changed, CO2 emissions are
even worse
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UEA Electricity Imports 2001 - 2006
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The Technical Dimension Tackling Carbon
Reduction in 2005 - 2006
Load Factor of CHP Plant at UEA
A 1 MW adsorption Chiller

• Adsorption Heat pump uses Waste Heat from CHP
• Provides most of chilling requirements in
  summer
• Reduces electricity demand in summer
• Increases electricity generated locally
• Estimated to save 500 700 tonnes Carbon
  Dioxide annually

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The Management Dimension

• Good Management will analyse data and use bands
  to identify anomalous behaviour.
• Management Quality Index
• 1 standard deviation/mean
• 0 - very poor control
• 100 - perfect control
• UEA Low amount of scatter Management Quality
  index 88
• Office in Norwich 72
• Other Offices in East Anglia 57, 69.

UEA Heat Demand
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Conclusions

• Many facets need tackling on road to Carbon
  Reduction
• Technology alone will not be sufficient
• A necessary and important first step
• Behavioural and Cultural Issues need to be
  addressed
• Methodological Issues relating to Boundaries
  exist in carbon accounting in many areas
• UEA has made strides by making noticeable
  reductions in carbon intensity, but continuation
  of effort is required.

"If you do not change direction, you may end up
where you are heading."
Lao Tzu (604-531 BC) Chinese Artist and Taoist
philosopher