Artificial Intelligence

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Artificial Intelligence

• Examples

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Forward Chaining Approach

• Facts An apple falls down from a tree
• An apple is a fruit
• Rule If a fruit falls down from a tree, then
  the fruit is spoiled
• Conclusion The apple is spoiled

3
Backward Chaining Approach

• FactsAn apple falls down from a tree
• A plum falls down from a tree
• An apricot falls down from a tree
• Rule If a law of gravitation exists, then a
  fruit falls down from a tree
• Assuming that the rule is true, and the fact
  takes place, make a conclusion, that the premise
  
• The law of gravitation exists is also a true
  fact.

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Production rules

• Facts1) Mike is Sams father
• 2) Sam is Johns father
• 3) Sam is Nicks father
• Rules1) If X is Ys father and X is Zs
  father, then Y and Z are siblings
• 2) If A is Bs father and B is Cs
  father , then A is Cs grandfather

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Production rules (cont)

• What are the relationships between Mike, John,
  and Nick?
• Implement substitutions
• XMike, YSam, and so on
• Find appropriate pairs
• ((2,3),1) and ((1,2),2), and ((1,3),2)

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Conclusions

• John and Nick are siblings
• Mike is Johns grandfather
• Mike is Nicks grandfather