The Front Panoramic

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(No Transcript)
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The Front - Panoramic
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The Back - Panoramic
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Diagonal Usonian House
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This Frank Lloyd Wright House is located at 518
44th Street in Canton, Ohio. The hexagonal
living area is the main space of the building and
is the focal point of this project. There is no
forced air, hot or cold, supplied to the space,
only radiant floor heating. Hot water tubes
located in a gravel bed underneath the concrete
slab supply this radiant heat. An eight foot
wide, ten foot tall masonry fireplace is located
at the center of the room. Enclosing the space
are three window walls, comprised of eighteen
eight foot tall by three foot wide sheets of
glass.
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Factors Affecting Thermal Comfort

• Thermal Comfort - the condition of mind that
  expresses satisfaction with the thermal
  environment.
• Thermal Environment - the characteristics of the
  environment that affect a persons heat loss.
• Acceptable Thermal Environment - an environment
  that at least 80 of the occupants would find
  thermally acceptable. (ASHRAE 55-92)
• Thermal Sensation - a conscious feeling commonly
  graded into the categories cold, cool, slightly
  cool, neutral, slightly warm, warm, and hot.
  (ASHRAE 55-92)
• Radiant Temperature- the average temperature of
  the objects and surfaces that surround us, which
  radiate heat to and absorb radiant heat from our
  bodies.
• Air Temperature - the dry-bulb temperature of the
  air surrounding an occupant
• Relative Humidity - the ratio of the amount of
  water vapor in the air at a specific temperature
  to the maximum amount that the air can hold at
  that temperature.
• Draft - the unwanted local cooling of the body
  caused by air movement.
• Clothing - clo - a unit used to express the
  thermal insulation of the body.
• Metabolic Rate - the rate of energy production of
  the body.

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The Research Questions

• How is the heat being distributed throughout the
  space, to provide for indoor thermal comfort?

• What effect does solar radiation have on the
  indoor thermal comfort of the space?
• Does the masonry fireplace act as a thermal mass?
• Is thermal comfort reached and maintained?
• Is this an efficient means of heating an indoor
  environment?

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The Hypotheses

• The fireplace will act as a thermal mass. Giving
  heat back to the space after the radiant heat
  from the floor has stopped.
• Solar radiation will add heat to the slab and to
  the fireplace, prompting the system to act as a
  direct gain space.
• Thermal comfort will be reached and maintained
  throughout the space.
• This method of heating is efficient because it
  will use solar energy to help heat the space. It
  is also efficient because there will be a several
  hour period between on and off of the radiant
  heating system.

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The Method of Study

• The study relied on the use of HOBOs to record
  temperature, radiant temperatures and humidity
  over time. Data from the Akron-Canton Airport
  was collected and used as the measurement of
  outdoor temperatures. This data was then
  collected, graphed, and analyzed.

• The placement of the HOBOs is particularly
  important.
• Two HOBOs were placed at each of three
  locations. One HOBO recorded both air
  temperature and humidity, while the other
  recorded radiant temperature.
• Pair A was placed 6 above the floor beside the
  fireplace.
• Pair B was placed on the floor under the chair.
• Pair C was placed 1 above the floor on the
  northern most window of the east wall.

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The Sensor Locations
A - Located 6 off the floor next to the mass of
the fireplace. B - Located on the floor under the
chair. C - Located 1 off the floor on the
northern most east window. All sensors
measure Air Temp - F Radiant Temp - F Relative
Humidity
A
B
C
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The Sensor Locations
A
B
C
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The Graphs Day 1
345 - Both radiant and air temps at the
fireplace rise. Seemingly keeping the temps at
both the floor and the window steady. 515 - The
RH at all locations rise without a corresponding
decrease in temps. 645 - The RH peaks.
Dinner? 745 PM - Floor temps begin falling, RH
falling. 845 PM - Temps at window begin falling.
RH still falling. 930 PM - Temps at fireplace
begin falling. RH evens out.
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The Graphs Day 2
100 AM - The floor temps rise above the temps
from the fireplace. The radiant temp at the
window also rises. The heat came on? 200 AM- The
air temp at the window rises. 230 AM - The temps
at the fireplace begin to rise. 830 AM - The air
temp increases at the floor. 900 AM - The
radiant temp spikes at the floor. 930 AM - The
temps at the window begin to increase rapidly.
The temps at the fireplace and floor increase
slightly. 1100 AM - The temps at the window
peak. 400 PM - The temps at the floor fall
faster than at the fireplace. 1100 PM - The
floor temps begin to rise. The heat came on?
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The Graphs Day 3
300 AM- Fluctuations in the RH at the
window. 430 AM - Temps at the floor begin to
even out - spikes in temps at window. Heat
turned off? 1100 AM - Small peak in all temps.
Decrease in window RH. Sun? Temps at floor begin
decreasing. 1230 PM - RH decrease at floor,
increase at fireplace. RH increase at window. 2 -
300 PM - Fluctuation in temps at the window.
400 PM - Spikes in temps except fireplace. 530
- 630 PM - Two spikes in RH all locations.
Slight increase in temps at floor and Radiant
temp at window.
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The Graphs Day 4
130 AM- Heat being added to the floor evens
out. 600AM - Floor and window temps begin to
rise. RH at window begins to drop. 730 AM -
Temps at fireplace begin to rise. 1000 AM - peak
of temps at floor and windows. Minimum RH at
window. 1130 AM - Spike of temps at floor, then
begins to decline. Peak of temps at window.
Minimum RH at window. Temp at fireplace levels
off. 200 PM - Temps at fireplace level off. 730
PM - The dog ate my HOBO! 1030 PM - Temps
increase at all locations. Decrease in RH at
window. 1145 PM - Temps even out. Fire?
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300 AM - Temps level off at fireplace, and
window. 800 AM - Temps increase at window. RH
decreases. RH increases at fireplace. 1000 AM -
Temps soar at window. At fireplace they begin to
rise. RH falls drastically at window. 1130 AM -
Temps peak at window. 100 PM - Temps peak at
fireplace. 600 PM - Temps at fireplace rising.
Air temp at window rising. Radiant temp at window
falling. RH rising everywhere. 900PM - All
temps peak and even or plummet and even. RH
steady. 1100PM - RH everywhere rising? Temps
even.
The Graphs Day 5

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The Graphs Day 6

100 AM -RH everywhere peaks and begins
falling. 900 AM - Temps everywhere begin rising.
RH at window begins falling. 1100 AM - Temps
everywhere peak. Sun. 500 PM - Temps everywhere
even. RH everywhere begins rising. Outdoor temp
peaks. 700 PM - RH peaks and begins falling.
Temps rise a little and even out at fireplace.
Temps rise slightly at window and begin
falling. 1100 PM - RH even - Temps at fireplace
begin falling. Window temps fall
significantly.
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400 AM - Temps everywhere begin rising. RH even
at fireplace, falling at window. 700 AM - RH
begins rising. Temps even out at fireplace,
still rising at window and Outside. 1000 AM -
Temps peak at window and outside, even at
fireplace. RH min at window, even at
fireplace. 400 PM - Temp peaks outside and at
window will begin falling, even at fireplace. RH
begins rising at window, still rising at
fireplace. 700 PM - RH peaks at fireplace,
begins falling, still rising at window. Temps
falling outside and at window, even at
fireplace. 900 PM - Temps begin falling at
fireplace, min at window and outside. RH peak at
window, falling at fireplace. 1100 PM - Temps
begin falling everywhere. RH falls at fireplace,
rising at window.
The Graphs Day 7

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The Graphs Day 8

600 AM - All temps and RH steadily falling until
this time, things level off except outdoor
temp. 800 AM Indoor temps begin steadily
rising. RH at window falling, at fireplace
steady. 1030 AM - Temps begin to peak, RH begin
to plummet, RH at fireplace steady. SUN.

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The Sun 800

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The Sun 900

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The Sun 930

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The Sun 1000
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The Sun 1030

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The Sun 1100
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The Sun 1130

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The Sun 1200

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The Sun 1230
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The Sun 100

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COMFORT MODELS floor

1100 AM
300 AM
700 PM
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COMFORT MODELS f.p.

300 AM
1100 AM
700 PM
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COMFORT MODELS win

300 AM
1100 AM
700 PM
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CONCLUSIONS

• The fireplace as shown by the graphs does act as
  a thermal mass, with a typical time lag of about
  1.5 hours. This happens only when the temps are
  not too cold outside, or too cold for too long of
  a period.
• Solar radiation as shown by the graphs does add
  heat to the slab and at times to the fireplace,
  acting as a direct gain space. This happens even
  on cloudy days, although it is much more
  effective on clear days.
• Thermal comfort was achieved however it was not
  shown at the windows. Here the comfort level
  fluctuated drastically between too hot and too
  cold. At the fireplace and the floor, the
  comfort level was satisfactory according to
  ASHRAE standards.
• The method of heating has not been determined to
  be either efficient or inefficient. It has been
  shown to use the suns energy to help heat the
  space. However, actual energy used was not
  determined.

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