digestive enzymes

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digestive enzymes
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what we eat
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enzymes

• enzymes cause chemical reactions to occur
• they are extremely specific
• they only break down the molecule theyre
  designed for

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what our body can actually use
these are the molecules that are small enough to
absorb into the bloodstream (not drawn to
scale) one of the main purposes of the digestive
system is to turn food into these.
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main digestive enzymes

• amylases
• break starch into monosaccharide units
• (clip off the free ends)
• lipases
• break the fatty acids off the glycerol
• proteases
• break down proteins from quaternary structure
  down to individual amino acids
• there are many different specific varieties of
  each of these

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digestive juices

• saliva -- from salivary glands
• amylases
• water
• bile -- made in liver, stored and released from
  gall bladder
• emulsifier
• fat --gt smaller GLOBS
• MECHANICAL breakdown of fats (NO change to
  chemical structure of fats!)
• pancreatic juice -- from pancreas
• baking soda, lipases, and other digestive enzymes
• CHEMICAL BREAKDOWN OF FATS
• HCl -- stomach
• just HCl
• digestive enzymes -- stomach
• mainly proteases

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enzymes

• enzyme floats into place

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enzymes
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enzymes
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enzymes

• it can only fit in one place
• for amylase -- only clips off END units

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enzymes
H2O

• water is needed also

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enzymes
H2O

• water floats into place

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enzymes
H2O

• breakage occurs

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enzymes
enzyme unchanged

• free glucose ready for absorption
• enzyme ready for next reaction

free glucose
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enzymes
enzyme unchanged

• free glucose ready for absorption
• enzyme ready for next reaction

free glucose
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enzymes
enzyme unchanged

• free glucose ready for absorption
• enzyme ready for next reaction

free glucose
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enzymes
enzyme unchanged

• free glucose ready for absorption
• enzyme ready for next reaction

free glucose
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enzymes
enzyme unchanged

• free glucose ready for absorption
• enzyme ready for next reaction

free glucose
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enzymes

• enzymes cause chemical reactions to occur
• they are extremely specific
• they only break down the molecule theyre
  designed for

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enzyme energy reduction
normal
energy needed
when enzyme present
time for reaction to occur (ms) (or us)
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enzyme energy reduction
normal
energy needed
when enzyme present