Email

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E-mail

• In order to send and receive mail? need to have
  e-mail account
• Requirements
• User name or logon identity
• Identity of your site or ISP (internet service
  provider) called the subdomain name

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Examples of e-mail addresses

• norrimamokhtar_at_streamyx (for streamys
  subscribers)
• norrimamokhtar_at_um.edu.my (UM)
• norrimamokhtar_at_tm.net.my (for TMnet subscriber)

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E-mail message component

• To ? this is where you type the recipient's
  e-mail address
• Cc ? a carbon copy is sent to other recipients
• Bcc ? a blind carbon copy is sent to other
  recipients
• Subject summary of the contents of the message
  body

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Discussion of Computer Problem
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• Common PC problems
• Recover deleted files
• Help assistance for user information

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COMPUTER WON'T START

• Check to see if it is plugged in - at the wall
  and the back of the computer.
• Plug something else in the wall outlet to see if
  there is power there.
• Check the plugs to see if they are bent - not
  making good contact in the sockets.
• Listen to the computer. It might be on and the
  trouble is with the monitor.
• If the computer is on but the screen is blank,
  check to see if the monitor is turned on - all
  plugs are securely plugged in. If all is on,
  check the settings on the monitor - contrast,
  brightness

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Printer wont print

• Is it turned on? If so, turn it off then back on.
• Checked all AC plugs from the wall to the printer
  and anything in between. Check the cord from the
  computer to the printer. Jiggle the connectors
  gently to see if they are firmly seated.
• Is there paper in the printer? If so, is it
  feeding properly? Is there any paper jammed in
  the printer?
• Are the ink cartridges empty?
• Turn the printer off and shut down the computer.
  Re-boot and turn the printer on. Try the printer
  again. Click "Start" - "Settings" - "Printers".
  Click on your printer and make sure that it is
  the Default Printer.  (XP - Click "Start" -
  "Control Panel" - "Printers and Faxes")In
  Printer Settings, make sure that there is not
  already a printing job in progress that shows an
  error.

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Printer wont print

• Test your printer communications (shown in last
  lecture notes about printer).
• If you don't know how, check the documentation
  that came with your printer or, in the programs
  menu (click "Start" - "Programs" then your
  printer software listing), there should be a
  "Help" or "Read Me" listing.
• Re-install your printer software. Go to the
  printer manufacture's homepage and download the
  printer driver (little program that makes it
  work) for your printer. You can probably find
  their site by typing "www.(name of company).com"
  in your browser's address field.
• If not, find the homepage by typing the name of
  your printer in your browser's search field and
  look for the company's homepage. Look around in
  the site and you will find the driver for your
  specific printer and your operating system
  (Windows 95/98/XP, etc.). Download and install
  the driver. Restart your computer and try the
  printer again.

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Scanner wont work

• Basically, do the same things that apply to a
  printer that won't print (plugs, cords, test
  communications, driver, re-install, etc.) except
  for paper and ink stuff.
• Make sure that whatever you are scanning is
  inserted properly (right side up, etc.). Often,
  the scanner is working but is putting the scan
  where you can't find it. Check your documentation
  to see how to set it to put your scans where you
  can find them

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COMPUTER TAKES A LONG TIME TO START UP OR YOU
HAVE LOW RESOURCES shown in previous lecture
notes

• Click "Start", then "Run".
• In the "Open" field type "msconfig" and click
  "OK".
• The utility that opens will have "Tabs" at the
  top. Click the one that reads "Startup".
• You will see a list of all the programs that run
  when you start Windows. They will have check
  marks in the boxes to their left. We do not want
  them all to start.
• Remove all the check marks (by clicking on them)
  except the ones beside "SystemTray" - 
  "ScanRegistry" - "LoadPowerProfile" and "Task
  Monitor." 
• Also leave a check mark in anything that has the
  name of, or abbreviation of, your antivirus
  program or anything that looks like it might
  apply to "Norton" products.
• Click "OK" at the bottom.
• You will be asked if you want to re-start your
  computer - do it.

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Computer wont shut down

• Go through the same procedure as in "COMPUTER
  TAKES A LONG TIME etc."
• This will minimize the number of programs that
  Windows has to close before shutting down.Click
  "Start" then "Run" In open, type "msconfig."
• Remove unnecesary application at startup. 
• Press controlaltdel?windows task manager will
  appear?click shutdown drop down menu?click turn
  off
• Incidentally, Instead of unplugging a stubborn
  computer, holding the on/off button in for about 
  10 seconds will usually shut it down.

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Browser cache

• Often students and faculty report that their
  browser can't view certain pages or retrieve
  documents from their course. There could
  potentially be countless reasons for this, and
  troubleshooting usually begins with the obvious
  (e.g. are you connected to the Internet, is the
  site unavailable, are you using an old or
  unsupported browser, such as AOL or Netscape 4.0,
  etc.).
• One possible reason which is easy to correct, is
  the so-called browser cache problem. This is
  especially apparent if you're online, click a
  link and get the message, "file not found." What
  happens is that your web browser stores (caches)
  web pages into memory to make commonly visited
  sites load faster. You assume that the
  information on your screen is live (i.e. the most
  current) and click to open a document or
  attachment, but quite possibly you're trying to
  open that document from your own hard drive (the
  cached version).
• If you do try to open a document and get an error
  message that the file can't be found, immediately
  clear your cache and refresh the page (you might
  have to close and re-open the browser), using the
  procedure below. Likewise, you may want to set
  your cache to check for newer versions of web
  pages upon every visit, as well as keep the disk
  space used for caching very low.

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Below are instructions for Internet Explorer

• Internet Explorer
• Click Tools, Internet Options
• Click Delete Files (Temporary Internet Files) to
  clear cache if you don't do this often and your
  disk space setting is high, this may take 10
  minutes or so
• Now look at cache settings...
• To change cache settings, click the Settings
  button within Internet Options
• Change "Check for Newer Versions of Stored Pages"
  to Every visit to the page (if you have a slow
  dial-up connection this may slow down the time it
  takes to open pages that you view often if so,
  change it to automatically)
• Optionally, change the setting for disk space to
  something small (1-10 Mb).

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Below are instructions for Netscape

• Netscape
• Click Edit, Preferences
• Click Advanced (menu on left side of preferences
  window) and then Cache
• Click both buttons for Clear Memory Cache and
  Clear Disk Cache
• Now look at cache settings...
• Change "Compare the page in the cache to the page
  on the network " (bottom of window) to Every time
  I view the page.
• Optionally, change Memory and Disk Cache settings
  to something small (4096-10240 Kb).  

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• If your browser is set to more than 10Mb of space
  for caching, which is still plenty, a huge chunk
  of hard drive space is needed to store hundreds
  and possibly thousands of stored images and html
  files for every web page that you've visited
  since the last cache clean up. This can also
  explain why you might have far less disk space
  than you'd expect, since you normally don't see
  these files, as they're buried deep in your
  computer -- for example, in a path like
• C\Documents and Settings\Marian Beezley\Local
  Settings\Temporary Internet Files\
• Clearing your cache weekly will help insure the
  health of your computer and more often than not,
  may fix unusual problems that seem not to affect
  others.

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Example for internet explorer
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ProblemI am trying to get into the setting
"Tools", then "Internet Options" in Internet
Explorer.  I get into tools, but when I click on
Internet Options I get the message "This
operation has been cancelled due to restrictions
on this computer.  Please contact your System
Administrator." My account is already an
administrator account.

• Possible Solution Your machine is infected with
  Spyware. I recommend using AdAware to scan for
  and remove all Spyware from your machine. You can
  edit the registry to manually remove this key as
  well. Delete the restriction keys manually from
  these locations in the registry
• User Key HKEY_CURRENT_USER\Software\Policies\Mic
  rosoft\Internet Explorer\RestrictionsSystem
  Key HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\Software\Policies\Microso
  ft\Internet Explorer\Restrictions

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• In this case, no restriction of file

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ProblemHow can I find out your IP address in
Windows XP? When I click Start, click run and
type ipconfig, the program runs and then closes
down before you can see anything.

• Possible Solution Click Start, click Run and
  type "cmd /k ipconfig" (without the quotes). To
  close this window, type EXIT and hit ENTER.

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When internet is not connected
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When internet is connected
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ProblemHow can I see how hard my computer is
working at all times?

• Possible Solution You can put a CPU meter in
  your Windows XP or 2000 Professional taskbar.
  Open your Task Manager by going to Start --gt Run
  and typing "taskmgr" (without the quotes).
• In your Task Manager, choose Options, then make
  sure "Minimize on Use" and "Hide when Minimized
  are checked. Now when you minimize the Task
  Manager , you'll see your little CPU meter in
  the System Tray. If you put a link to your Task
  Manager in your startup folder (you should find
  the Task Manager in C/Windows/System32, or
  search for "taskmgr" on your system drive), the
  Task Manager will start in your System Tray every
  time you start your computer.

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Can access by hold ctrlaltdelor
start?run?taskmgr?ok
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Problem I am getting advertising messages on my
computer when I dont even have Internet Explorer
open.

• Possible Solution
• To turn off the messenger service in XP
• Click on the Start button and open the control
  panel.
• Open the Performance and Maintenance control
  panel and go to Administrative Tools.
• Now double-click on Services, then scroll to
  Messenger.
• Double-click Messenger and click Stop to stop the
  service.
• Change the startup type to Disable.

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Problem How do I remove the Administrator as
the default log in and use another user?

• Possible Solution You have to assign a password
  to the Admin account and setup another user as
  admin. The admin account should disappear and you
  will always be prompted with the User Guest
  account.

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Problem In Windows explorer, how can I stop the
confirmations for file deletions?

• Possible Solution
• Right click the recycle bin and select
  properties. Now uncheck "Displaydelete
  confirmation." 

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Computer viruses

• Why does the mention of the word viruses cause so
  much panic in the industry?
• Computer virus are simply computer programs
  written to corrupt, delete or hang your computer
  operating system, system files, and some software
  application.
• More known with the use of the internet
• Created by bad programmers

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Computer viruses

• It can be spread to another computer
• Need to ride in order to be activated or executed
• Once activated it will able to infect your
  programs, data, documents
• Usually loads itself into the memory and scans to
  see if it can find any other programs on the
  disk?if successful it will modify the code to add
  the virus code in the program
• So, when the user launch the program, the virus
  program is launch instead?virus is activated

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Computer worms

• Another computer program which has the ability to
  copy itself from one machine to another. It
  generally moves around and infects other machines
  through computer networks
• Amongst the more popular worms was the CODE RED
  worm which had replicated itself more than 250000
  times in approximately 9 hours on 19 july 2001.
• It had slow down internet traffic when it begin
  to replicate itself and had affected the
  Microsoft Windows Servers without Microsoft
  Security patch installed.
• The CODE RED worm was design to replicate itself
  for the first 20 days of each month and replace
  web pages on the infected servers with a page
  titled HACKED BY CHINESE.
• A worm required some sort of security hole in any
  software or the operating system to exploit it.

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Other types of infection

• Email viruses? moves around in email messages and
  replicates itself by automailling itself to all
  the names available in the persons email address
  book.
• Example Melissa virus which took the internet
  world by storm in March 1999.
• It spread in Microsoft Word documents sent via
  email
• When user opened the word document the virus
  would be triggered.

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Other types of infection

• Trojan Horse?other type of malicious program
• Cannot replicate itself
• Erase entire hard drive

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Boot sector viruses

• Affect the boot sector of floppy disk or hard
  drive
• Boot sector is a small program which is part of
  the operating system that tells the computer to
  load the rest of the operating system
• By being inside the boot sector, the boot sector
  virus can guarantee it gets executed and loads
  into the memory first
• This can cause potential damage to your hard
  drive in short run

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Protecting against viruses

• Use virus protection software
• Norton antivirus
• MacAfee
• Although no guarantee, it helps prevent the user
  from vulnerability to a certain extent
• Avoid use of unknown software program
• Never run any macros in any document unless you
  know what they are and what it does.

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Protecting against viruses

• Never double click on any attachment that contain
  executable file that is sent via email?file
  name.exe
• Always ensure that yours antivirus software
  definitions are up-to-date?having outdated
  antivirus without the latest definitions cannot
  protect you from the newer viruses.

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Learning to decipher a virus name

• W32.Gokar.A_at_mm
• Gokar?worm name
• _at_mm?the worm will mass mail itself using the
  users address book.
• W97M.Pacol.A
• W97M?Microsoft word 97 macro virus
• Pacol?name of the virus
• A?first of its type
• Some of the virus may not follow this format. You
  can refer to http//www.geekgirls.com/basic_virus_
  guide.htm

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Firewall

• A program or hardware device that filters
  information coming via internet to your PC.
• A firewall can detect unwanted programs or users
  trying to hack into your system while you are
  accessing the internet.
• It acts as a barrier to prevent unwanted users or
  programs to access information on your PC
  especially when you are on the internet.

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Three methods to control traffic flowing in and
out of the network.

• Packet filtering-when small pieces of data or
  packets are analyzed against a set filters. Only
  packets that pass through the filters are sent to
  the requesting system while other are discarded
• Proxy service happens when information from the
  internet is retrieved by the firewall and sent to
  the requesting system and vice versa
• Popular firewallsZone Alarm refer to
  http//www.zonelabs.com

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Recover Deleted files
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• When we click restore, then the file will be
  restored in the same location that we deleted the
  file

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Help assistance
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Syllabus for STBS1201Pengendalian Komputer
dalam Persekitaran Pejabat
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• Jenis-jenis komputer
• Bahagian luar komputer dan jenis jenis
  penghubung(connector).
• Bahagian dalam komputer-alat alat
  simpanan(storage)
• RAM
• Jenis-jenis penyambung(ATA, SATA, dll), kad
  extensi, dll
• Jenis-jenis windows dan keperluan hardware
• Mengendalikan persekitaran pengguna(user
  environment)
• Mengendalikan file
• Menggunakan command line
• Windows Update

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• Sambungan komputer kepada network pejabat(LAN)
• Nombor IP(dan masalah-masalah yang berkait
  dengannya.)
• Percetakan dan menghantar file melalui sambungan
  network
• Masalah-masalah yang kerap ditemui dan bagaimana
  mengatasinya. Mendapati balik file yang
  dibuang.Dimana seseorg boleh mendapat bantuan
  atau maklumat apabila masalah berlaku

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Assignment

• Create a new e-mail account
• Yahoo e-mail
• Trouble shoot printer using Help Assistance
• Individual work
• Need to show the ability use the feature
  independently(individual)
• Total marks 10marks