Bio on Robert Noyce

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Lecture 49

• Bio on Robert Noyce

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• Robert Noyce grew up the son of an Iowa minister
• Graduated from high school and went to college
  studying engineering and physics
• Went to MIT for PhD
• Many Job opportunities

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• Noyce worked for Philco radio mfg and then went
  with Shockley to work on the transistor.
• Shockley had started his own company after
  leaving GE

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Shockley was a tough one to work for and Noyce
and 7 others started their own company with money
they received from the Fairchild camera company

• Noyce later started his own company called Intel

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"Do not be encumbered by past history. Go off and
do go out and create something
wonderful.
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My motto was always to keep swinging. Whether I
was in a slump or feeling badly or having
trouble off the field, the only thing to do was
keep swinging Hank Aaron
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Actual yieldvstheoretical yield

• Percent yield is the part over the whole x 100

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Lab on copper iron single replacement reaction
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Fe CuCl2 ? Cu FeCl2 2Fe 3CuCl2 ? 3 Cu
2FeCl3
Notice Fe CuCl2 ? Cu FeCl2  In Copper (II)
chloride you have a 1 to 1 molar ratio of Fe to
Cu In 2Fe 3CuCl2 ? 3 Cu 2FeCl3 copper
(III) oxide you have a 2 to 3 molar ratio of Fe
to Cu.
Is there any way to tell if when you add Fe to
CuCl2 you get Iron (II) or Iron (I)
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This is what we are going to look at today in the
lab
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Make up the CuCl2 solution with about 2 grams of
CuCl2 and 15 mg distilled water. Give out iron
nails, sand the nails clean and place the nails
in the solution for 20 min
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• Clean nail with sand paper
• Weigh nail
• Make up solution of 2 grams CuCl2 with 15ml H2O
• Put nail in solution for 20 min
• Remove nail with tweezers, clean copper off nail
  into beaker with water and reweigh nail after
  drying with paper towel
• 6) Weigh filter paper then use to separate copper
  from solution
• 7) Let dry until next lab

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• Does the copper stick to the iron
• Is a FeCu alloy made?
• So why is the copper on the nail
• Egg shell example that is how you know where the
  bird came out of its shell

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CuCl2
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When we add the iron to the solution we get a
single replacement reaction

• Fe CuCl2 ? FeCl2 Cu

The iron kicks the Copper off the Chlorine and
the iron goes into solution and the copper
falls out of solution.
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Single replacement reaction
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Copper falls out of solution

• Iron goes from the nail into solution

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Fe CuCl2 ? FeCl2 Cu

• For every mole of Fe assimilated by Chlorine the
  how many moles of Copper falls out of solution

Its a one to one ratio!!!!!!!
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But what if the product was FeCl3

• Fe CuCl2 ? FeCl3 Cu

The New balanced reaction is
2Fe 3CuCl2 ? 2FeCl3 3Cu
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The main issue is how many moles of iron went
into solution and how many moles of copper came
out compared to the simple equation Fe CuCl2
? FeCl2 Cuwhere there is a ratio of Fe to
Cu of 1 to 1
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By looking at the ratio of iron to copper you can
ascertain the kind of iron chloride created
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Clean the nail with distilled water
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Dry the left over copper in oven and weigh the
new and lighter nail
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Make sure you weigh and put your name on the
filter paper
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Thermodynamics

• Movement of heat

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We have been talking about the shift of elements
and the creation of new compounds always moving
to a lower energy level
Now we will discuss the shift of Energy in and
out of a chemical reaction
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There are two kinds of energyPotential energy
and kinetic energy
This energy comes in and shifts from one form to
the next
Mechanical energy the energy of motion (kinetic)
and the energy of position (potential) Chemical
energy the energy that bonds molecules together
Nuclear energy the energy locked in the nuclei
of atoms Thermal energy heat-a kind of kinetic
energy-the energy of moving and vibrating
molecules Radiant energy energy that travels in
waves-like light, radio waves and x-rays
Electrical energy a kind of kinetic energy-the
energy of moving electrons Heat energy
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• Almost all energy transformations involve the
  production of heat, which is considered the
  lowest form of energy, because it quickly
  dissipates into the surroundings and is
  unavailable for further use

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• Energy is the capacity to do work

Heat always moves from an area of high
temperature to an area of low temperature
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Terms1) system the area under study2)
surroundings the area outside the system3)
Open system system can transfer both energy and
matter to surroundings4) closed system system
where energy can but matter can not be
transferred to surrounding5) isolated system
system can not tansfer either energy or matter6)
exothermic - system where energy is going from
the system to surrounding7) endothermic -
system where energy is going from the surrounding
to the syste m
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We look at chemical reactions with our focus on
the system

• Energy flowing out of our system is exothermic
• Energy flowing into our system is endothermic
• If the change in energy is such that energy
  leaves the system then the ?E (change in energy
  is -)
• If the change in energy is such that energy
  enters the system then the ?E (change in energy
  is )