The World in the Late 1900s: Male and FemaleIt was a world shaped by man for man, in which woman occ

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The World in the Late 1900?s Male and FemaleIt
was a world shaped by man for man, in which woman
occupied the second place. Political rights for
women did not exist. The separation and
dissimilarity of the sexes was sharper than
today. Women who wore slacks, wore their hair
short, or smoked, were hardly to be found. The
universities admitted no female students (the
first ones appeared in the early 1890's). Man's
authority over his children and also over his
wife was unquestioned. Education was
authoritarian the despotic father was a common
figure and was particularly conspicuous only when
he became extremely cruel. Laws were more
repressive, delinquent youth sternly punished,
and corporal punishment was considered
indispensable. Ellenberger, H. (1970). The
Discovery of the Unconscious.? New York, Basic
Books. p.255
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By 1900 four functions of the unconscious had
been described
Conservative the unconscious stores memories,
often unaccessible to voluntary recall
Dissolutive the unconscious contains habits,
once voluntary, now automaticized, and
dissociated elements of the personality, which
may lead a ?parasitic existence?
Mythopoetic the unconscious constructs
narratives and fantasies that appear mythic or
religious in nature
Creative the unconscious serves as the matrix of
new ideas
Ellenberger, H. (1970). The Discovery of the
Unconscious.? New York, Basic Books.
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Defense Mechanisms
repression
if you don?t like it, lie about it
especially to yourself
denial
the truth isn?t so bad
displacement
My boss yells at me, I yell at my husband, my
husband yells at the baby, the baby bites the cat
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identification
I want to be the bully
rationalization
we all know what this means???
intellectualization
Woody Allen springs to mind
Sublimation
OK then, Ill sculpt naked women
projection
Its not me its you!
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The id was not very different from what Freud
had originally described as the unconscious, the
seat of both the repressed material and the
drives, to which had been added the unconscious
fantasies and unconscious feelings, notably guilt
feelings.
The word "unconscious" was now an adjective,
used to qualify not only the id, but parts of the
ego and superego.
The term "id" (das Es) could be traced to
Nietzsche, but Freud admitted borrowing it from
The Book of the Id, by George Groddeck, an
admirer of psychoanalysis.
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The ego was defined as "the coordinated
organization of mental processes in a person."
There was a conscious and an unconscious part in
the ego.
To the conscious ego belonged perception and
motor control, and to the unconscious ego, the
dream censor and the process of repression.
Language was an ego function unconscious
contents became preconscious through the medium
of words.
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SUPEREGO
The most novel part of The Ego and the Id is
that devoted to the third agency, the superego,
though Freud had already touched on some of its
aspects under the name of ego ideal.
The superego is the watchful, judging, punishing
agency in the individual, the source of social
and religious feelings in mankind.
Its origin was in the individual's former ego
configurations, which had been superseded, and
above all in the introjection of the father
figure as a part of the resolution of the Oedipus
complex.
The construction of the superego in an
individual is thus dependent on the manner in
which the Oedipus complex has been resolved.
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Freud concluded that the "Id is quite amoral, the
Ego strives to be moral, and the Superego can be
hyper-moral and cruel as only the Id can be."

• As a consequence of these new theories, the ego
  was now in the limelight of psychoanalysis,
  especially as the site of anxiety reality
  anxiety, that is, fear caused by reality, drive
  anxiety from pressures from the id and guilt
  anxiety resulting from the pressures of the
  superego.

• Freud concluded with a description of the pitiful
  state of the ego, suffering under the pressures
  of its three masters.

• It was clear that the main concern of
  psychotherapy would now be to relieve the ego by
  reducing these pressures and helping it acquire
  some strength.

• Ellenberger, H. (1970). The Discovery of the
  Unconscious. New York Basic Books, p. 516