3/27 Notes

1
3/27 Notes

• Cultural Geography Quiz 3 End of Class
• Pick up all old work
• First---finishing up last lecture
• Spanish Mexican SW

1
2
More Spanish Explorers of the Southwest

• Padre Eusebio Francisco Kino
• ____-____
• -
• -
• -
• -
• -

What did he see?
2
3
Spanish Presidios

• -
• -
• -
• -
• -
• -
• Ended in ____.

3
4
Spanish Missions

• -
• (White Dove of the Desert)
• Kino _____
• ____s rebuilt by __________
• -
• -
• -
• -.

4
http//www.smrc-missiontours.com/
5
Big PontEuropean ? Native American Exchange

• -
• -
• -
• -
• -
• -
• -
• -

5
6
Big PointNative American ? European
Exchange

• -
• -
• -
• -
• -
• -
• -

• -
• -
• -
• -
• -
• -
• -

6
7
1800s Historical Dates

• ______ ____________ 1821
• _______________ _____ 1846
• ________________________ 1848
• ______________ 1854

7
8

• Todays Topics
• Athapaskans in the Southwest
• Includes Navajo and Apache
• Where they came from, when
• Early life ways, history, modern times
• Focus on environment interactions
• Leave most of the human issues for other courses

9
Athapaskans in 1900
How to Connect North and South?
10
Where and When

• Linguistically
• -
• Migration started .
• -
• Crossed many environments
• SW arrival_____s

11
Glottochronology

• Study of -
• -
• -
• -
• -
• If replacement rate is known, -
• Ex Lune (L.) Monday
• Fr. Lundi, Sp. Lunes

12
White River Ash

• East lobe ____ bp
• -
• -
• North lobe ____ bp
• -

13
The Athapaskan Entry 3 Models

• (Post-____)
• -
• (Pre-_____)
• (A.D. ____-____)

14
Late Entry High Plains Hypothesis
15
Early Entry Great Basin Hypothesis
16
Early Entry Mountain Route
-
-
Early sites (_____) ONLY in _______
17

• Ancestral Navajo Homeland
• -
• -

18
Early Navajo Forked-pole Hogans

• Forked-pole hogans
• -
• -
• Earliest Dates mid-_____s

19
Pueblitos

• Built ________
• -
• -

20
Navajo Depopulation of Dinetah
A severe drought which began in about ______ had
major impact on the Navajos by _____ This
drought and appear to have caused the southern
and western migration of Navajo Populatuions
andtheir abandonment of the Dinetah Marshall
1995203 see also Reeve 195820
But did it??????
21
Navajo Depopulation of Dinetah
22

• Navajo Transition to _____________
• -
• -Expansion ---

23

• Long Walk
• ___-___ miles
• -
• -

24
Impossible Environmental Conditions

• -
• -
• -
• -

25

• Unfortunate Timing Climatically
• Early _____s drought
• -
• -

26
Return to Pastoralism

• -
• -
• 1930s ----
• From _________ to _______sheep
• -

27
Carrying Capacity

• -
• How many sheep can graze on this land
• How to determine?
• -
• -
• -
• Can be applied to all species, at all scales.

28

• WesternApache
• -
• Lifeways
• -
• -
• -
• -

29
Hunters and Gatherers

• Gathering
• -
• -
• -
• -
• -

• Hunting
• -
• -
• -
• -
• -
• -

30
Apache Wikiup Minimalist Housing

• -
• - gathering

31
Novel Twist on Apache Farming

• Late spring planting
• -
• -
• -
• -
• -
• -
• -

32
Agave Harvest

• -
• -

33

• Peeled Trees
• -
• -
• -

34

• Increment core the tree
• Crossdate pre-scar ring growth
• Upper Gila example six peelings date to 1865, an
  emergency year (US Army)

35
Athapaskan Summary

• -
• -
• -
• -
• -