Soy Biodiesel

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Soy Biodiesel

• A clean burning, renewable resource
• that is

Fueling Ohios Future!
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Introduction to Soy Biodiesel

• What is Soy Biodiesel
• Environmental Benefits
• Performance
• Storage Handling
• Legislative Incentives

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What Is Soy Biodiesel?

• Renewable fuel made from soybeans
• Useable in any diesel engine
• No engine modifications
• Made in Ohio and throughout the U.S.
• Available - 160 distributors and 50 retailers in
  Ohio

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What is Soy Biodiesel?

• General DefinitionSoy Biodiesel, derived from
  soybean oil, is a domestic, renewable fuel for
  diesel engines. It meets the speci-fications of
  American Society of Testing Materials (ASTM)
  Standard D 6751.
• Additional InformationSoy Biodiesel can be used
  in any concentration with petroleum-based diesel
  fuel in existing diesel engines with little or no
  modification. Soy Biodiesel is NOT raw vegetable
  oil. It is produced by a chemical process that
  removes glycerin from the oil.

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Feedstock Differences

• Soy
• Most common in U.S.
• Full tax benefit
• Largest availability
• Best Cold Temp Ops

• Recycled oils / fats
• Lower cost
• ½ tax benefit
• Limited supply
• Mid Cold Temp Ops

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The Biodiesel Reaction
In the presence of a catalyst
Combining
Yields

• Soybean Oil
• or
• Animal Fat
• (100 lbs.)
• Methanol or
• Ethanol
• (10 lbs.)

Biodiesel (100 lbs.) Glycerine (10 lbs.)
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Soy Biodiesel Blends

• B100 100 Soy Biodiesel
• B20 20 Soy Biodiesel 80 petroleum diesel
• B10 10 Soy Biodiesel 90 petroleum diesel
• B5 5 Soy Biodiesel 95 petroleum diesel
• B2 2 Soy Biodiesel 98 petroleum diesel

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Ranked Importance of Biodiesel Benefits for U.S.
Consumers
(Ranked by 1 ratings)
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Energy Yield Life Cycle Basis
Soy Biodiesel has a very favorable Energy
Yield, that is, the amount of energy gained
versus the amount of energy required to produce a
gallon of Soy Biodiesel
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Soy Biodiesel Clean Air

• Safer to breathe
• Less offensive exhaust
• Reduces cancer-causing compounds by 8090
• compared to petroleum diesel exhaust
• Reduces particulate matter in exhaust
• leading cause of asthma

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Soy Biodiesel Clean Air

• Lowers net carbon in biosphere
• Fights global warming
• Reduces components of smog, ozone, acid rain
• Soy B100 reduces lifecycle CO² by 78

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Soy Biodiesel Clean Air

• Virtually free of sulfur and aromatics
• sulfur is component of acid rain
• Decreases most EPA-targeted emissions
• including most greenhouse gases

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Soy Biodiesel Lowers Emissions
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US Soy Biodiesel Demand
Biodiesel Tax Incentive
Changes to EPACT
Bioenergy Program
2 Million
500,000
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Soy Biodiesel Production
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Soy Biodiesel Performance

• Similar to petroleum diesel
• Highest BTU content of any alternative fuel
• High cetane
• minimum cetane of 47
• higher than most 2 diesel

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Soy Biodiesel Performance

• High lubricity
• 2 Soy Biodiesel improves fuel lubricity by up to
  66
• protects, extends engine life
• High flash point
• 260ºF vs. 125ºF for diesel
• safest fuel to use, handle, store

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Soy Biodiesel Performance

• Millions of miles of on-road use
• Startup, range, cold weather performance similar
  to petroleum diesel
• Fuel consumption, horsepower, torque - similar to
  petroleum diesel

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Soy Biodiesel Performance

• Many engine manufacturers support Soy Biodiesel
  blends
• Caterpillar
• Cummins
• Detroit Diesel
• International
• John Deere

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OEMs Support Soy Biodiesel

• B100 must meet ASTM D 6751
• Most fleet OEM HQs have B20 experience
• Wont void warranty
• OEMs only warrant engines, not fuel
• Some may only recommend B5, even though B20
  will not void warranty
• Working toward B20 recommendations

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Cold Flow

• Soy Biodiesel realizes cold temperature
  operability issues faster than most petroleum
  diesel
• Untreated B20 freezes 2-5 F faster than 2
  petroleum diesel, depending on
• the cold flow properties of the Soy Biodiesel
• the cold flow properties of the petroleum diesel

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Cold Flow Properties

• Utilize the same precautions as diesel fuel
• Utilize an additive that enhances cold flow
  properties
• Blend with kerosene
• Store vehicles in or near a building when not in
  use

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Cold Flow
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Storage Handling

• If you have an existing storage system converting
  to Soy Biodiesel is easy!
• Safest of all fuels to use, handle and store
• Little or no modifications needed to use Soy
  Biodiesel
• Acceptable storage tanks and pump equipment
  include
• Aluminum, steel, fluorinated polyethylene,
  fluorinated polypropylene and teflon
• Avoid copper, brass, lead, tin, and zinc

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Storage Handling

• Store in clean, dark environment
• Soy Biodiesel will scrub the tank clean
• Be prepared to change a filter until system is
  clean. (This is true of your existing storage
  tank or vehicle.)

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Materials Compatibility

• B100 may adversely affect some elastomers such as
  natural or nitrile rubbers over time
• Most elastomers used after 1993 are compatible
  with B100 (Viton/Teflon)
• Blends (B20) effect is less, or non-existent
• Normal monitoring of hoses and gaskets for leaks
  is sufficient with B20
• Consult with your parts supplier or mechanical
  engineering partners

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Maintaining Fuel Quality

• Specify ASTM 6751 and 975 designated fuel
• Reference cold weather performance and other
  special needs prior to ordering
• Be proactive with general housekeeping practices
• Maintain optimum storage conditions
• Execute a quarterly fuel analysis program to
  ensure a good prevent defense

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Soy Biodiesel ASTM D6751
Property Units ASTM Method
Limits Flash Point 93 130
min. degree C Water Sediment
2709 0.05 max. vol. Carbon
Residue 4530 0.05 max. wt.
(100 sample) Sulfated Ash
874 0.02 max. wt. Kin.
Viscosity, 40C 445
1.9 - 6.0 mm²/sec. Sulfur
5453 0.05 max. wt. Cetane
613 47 min. Cloud Point
2500 By Customer
degree C Copper Corrosion 130
No. 3 max. Acid Number
664 0.80 max.
mg KOH/g Free Glycerin 6854
0.020 wt. Total Glycerin
6854 0.240 wt.
Phosphorous 4951 10 max
ppm Distillation, T90 AET 1160 360
max degree C
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Certificate of AnalysisIf your marketer cant
supply one, how do you know it meets ASTM 6751-02
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What is BQ-9000?

• Quality management system requirements for the
  Soy Biodiesel industry
• Incorporates elements from ISO 9001
• Applies to producers and marketers
• Specific process requirements to ensure Soy
  Biodiesel meets ASTM D 6751
• Created and peer reviewed by industry stakeholders

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Why BQ-9000?

• Commitment to quality
• Great mechanism to accomplish continuous
  improvement
• A competitive edge vs. home brew

• Engine OEMs and other stakeholders demand a
  quality program for Soy Biodiesel
• Market advantage gained through quality
  recognition

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Budget Programs

• Soy Biodiesel School Bus Grant Program
• Developed for school districts
• Cover incremental
• cost of soy biodiesel

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Budget Program Education

• Clean Air for Kids
• Promote soy biodiesel
• in school buses
• Promote School Bus
• Grant Program

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Soy BiodieselGrant Program

• Ohios School Bus Grant Program
• Will help Ohio school districts cover incremental
  costs of soy biodiesel for school buses
• Designed to encourage a healthy environment for
  children

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Conclusion

• Soy Biodiesel has a lot of momentum behind it.
• Significant work and coordination is on-going
  with the petroleum industry, pipeline companies,
  engine automakers, as well as education and
  outreach to consumers.
• We are seeing a bright future ahead for Soy
  Biodiesel!