P1251955589mNLkJ

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U N E S C O
O F F I C E O F T H E REGIONAL ADVISOR FOR
CULTURE I N A S I A A N D T H E P A C I F I
C
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UNITAR / UDRI Training Workshop for
India Mumbai, India, 18-21 August 2005
World Heritage Management
A Value-based Approach
Richard A. Engelhardt Regional Advisor for
Culture in Asia and the Pacific UNESCO
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1972 Convention concerning the Protection of the
World Cultural and Natural Heritage
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Cultural Heritage
monuments architectural works, works of monumental sculpture and painting, elements or structures of an archaeological nature, inscriptions, cave dwellings and combinations of features, which are of outstanding universal value from the point of view of history, art or science
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Cultural Heritage
groups of buildings groups of separate or connected buildings which, because of their architecture, their homogeneity or their place in the landscape, are of outstanding universal value form the point of view of history, art or science
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Cultural Heritage
sites works of man or the combined works of nature and of man, and areas including archaeological sites which are of outstanding universal value from the historical, aesthetic, ethnological or anthropological points of view
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Natural Heritage
Natural features consisting of physical and biological formations or groups of such formations, which are of outstanding universal value from the aesthetic or scientific point of view
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Natural Heritage
Natural sites or precisely delineated natural areas of outstanding universal value from the point of view of science, conservation or natural beauty
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Natural Heritage
Geological and physiographical formations and precisely delineated areas which constitute the habitat of threatened species of animals and plants of outstanding universal value from the point of view of science or conservation
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Mixed Cultural and Natural Sites
properties that satisfy a part or the whole of the definitions of both cultural and natural heritages
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Cultural Landscapes
Cultural properties representing the combined works of nature and of man. They illustrate the evolution of human society an settlement over time, under the influence of the physical constraints and/or opportunities presented by their natural environment and of successive social, economic and cultural forces, both external and internal.
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Tentative List of World Heritage Sites
Properties considered to be cultural and/or
natural heritage of outstanding universal value,
which State Parties intend to nominate in the
future
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Criteria for Inscription on the World Heritage
List Outstanding Universal Value meeting at
least one of ten criteria (merged criteria for
both natural and cultural properties)
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Ajanta Caves, India
C (i) represent a masterpiece of human creative
genius
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Churches and Convents of Goa, India
C (ii) exhibit an important interchange of human
values, over a span of time or within
a cultural area of the world, on developments in
architecture or technology, monumental
arts, town-planning or landscape design
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Ellora Caves, India
C (iii) bear a unique or at least exceptional
testimony to a cultural tradition or
to a civilization which is living or
which has disappeared
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Darjeeling Railway, India
C (iv) be an outstanding example of a type of
building or architectural or
technological ensemble or landscape which
illustrates (a) significant stage(s) in
human history
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Rock Shelters of Bhimbetka, India
C (v) be an outstanding example of a traditional
human settlement or land-use which is
representative of a culture (or cultures),
especially when it has become
vulnerable under the impact of irreversible change
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Mahabodhi Temple, India
C (vi) be directly or tangibly associated with
events or living traditions, with
ideas, or with belief, with artistic and literary
works of outstanding universal
significance
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Purnululu National Park , Australia
N (i) be outstanding examples representing major
stages of earth's history, including the record
of life, significant on-going geological
processes in the development of land forms, or
significant geomorphic or physiographic
features
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Kaziranga National Park, India
N (ii) be outstanding examples representing
significant on-going ecological and
biological processes in the evolution and
development of terrestrial, fresh water,
coastal and marine ecosystems and communities
of plants and animals
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Nanda Devi National Park, India
N (iii) contain superlative natural phenomena or
areas of exceptional natural beauty and
aesthetic importance
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Keoladeo National Park, India
N (iv) contain the most important and significant
natural habitats for in-situ
conservation of biological diversity, including
those containing threatened species of
outstanding universal value from the point of
view of science or conservation
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Preconditions for enlistment in the World
Heritage List
? Authenticity ? Integrity ? Adequate protection
and management system
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? Authenticity of cultural heritage is expressed
through the following attributes

• Form and design
• Materials and substance
• Use and function
• Traditions, techniques and management systems
• Location and setting
• Language, and other forms of intangible heritage
• Spirit and feeling
• Other internal and external factors

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? Integrity is a measure of intactness or
wholeness of the natural and/or cultural heritage
and its attributes
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? Adequate protection and management system
Legislative, regulatory and contractual
measures for protection at the national and local
levels should assure the survival of the property
and its protection against development and change
that might negatively impact the outstanding
universal value, or the integrity and/or
authenticity of the property.
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• ? Adequate protection and
• management system
• Boundaries for effective protection
• to include all areas and attributes which are a
  direct tangible expression of the outstanding
  universal value of the cultural property
• to reflect special requirements of habitats,
  species, processes of phenomena that provide the
  basis for the inscription of the natural property
  in the World Heritage List

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? Adequate protection and management system
Buffer Zones area surrounding the nominated
property which has complementary legal and/or
customary restrictions placed on its use and
development to give an added layer of protection
to the property
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? Adequate protection and management system
Management Systems To ensure the effective
protection of the property for present and
future generations
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• ? Adequate protection and management system
• Common elements of management systems
• a thorough and shared understanding of the
  property by all stakeholders
• a cycle of planning, implementation, monitoring,
  evaluation and feedback
• the involvement of partners and stakeholders
• the allocation of necessary resources
• capacity-building
• an accountable, transparent description of how
  the management system functions

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? Adequate protection and management
system Sustainable use Any ongoing and proposed
use of a World Heritage Property should be
ecologically and culturally sustainable. However,
such sustainable use should not adversely impact
the outstanding universal value, integrity and/or
authenticity of the property
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Process for Inscription of Properties on the
World Heritage List
? Preparation of nominations Participation of
local people in the nomination process is
essential to enable them have a shared
responsibility with the State Party in the
maintenance of the property
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Process for Inscription of Properties on the
World Heritage List

• Format and content of nominations
• identification of the property
• description of the property
• justification for inscription
• state of conservation and factors affecting the
  property
• protection and management
• monitoring
• documentation
• contact information of responsible authorities
• signature on behalf of the state party

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Process for Inscription of Properties on the
World Heritage List

• ? Registration of nominations
• the Secretariat acknowledges receipt, check for
  completeness and register nomination/s
• the Secretariat forwards complete nomination to
  the relevant Advisory Bodies for evaluation
• a nomination passes through a cycle between time
  of its submission and the decision of the
  World Heritage Committee. This cycle normally
  lasts one and a half years

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Process for Inscription of Properties on the
World Heritage List

• ? Evaluation of nominations by Advisory Bodies
• The advisory bodies (ICOMOS and/or IUCN) will
  evaluate whether or not nominated property/s
  have
• outstanding universal value
• meet the conditions of integrity and/or
  authenticity
• meet the requirements of protection and
  management

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Process for Inscription of Properties on the
World Heritage List

• ? Decision of the World Heritage Committee
• inscription
• decision not to inscribe
• referral of nomination
• deferral of nomination

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Process for Monitoring the State of Conservation
of World Heritage Properties
Reactive Monitoring Reporting by the Secretariat,
other sectors of UNESCO and the Advisory Bodies
to the World Heritage Committee on the state of
Conservation of specific World Heritage
Properties that are under threat.
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Process for Monitoring the State of Conservation
of World Heritage Properties
Reactive Monitoring Objective When adopting the
procedure of Reactive Monitoring, the Committee
is particularly concerned that all possible
measures should be taken to prevent deletion of
any property from the List and is ready to offer
technical cooperation
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Process for Monitoring the State of Conservation
of World Heritage Properties
Reactive Monitoring Information
Required Intention to undertake or to authorize
in an area protected under the Convention major
restorations or new constructions which may
affect the outstanding universal value of the
property
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Process for Monitoring the State of Conservation
of World Heritage Properties

• Reactive Monitoring
• State of conservation report of property
• the property has not seriously deteriorated,
  thus no further action should be taken
• if seriously deteriorated, the property may be
  maintained on the List, provided the State
  Party takes the necessary measures to restore
  the property within a reasonable time. The
  Committee may also decide to provide technical
  cooperation under the World Heritage Fund for
  the restoration of the property
• the property may decide to inscribe the property
  on the List of World Heritage in Danger

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The List of World Heritage in Danger

• Criteria for inscription on the List of World
  Heritage in Danger (Cultural Properties)
• ? Ascertained danger
• serious deterioration of materials
• serious deterioration of structure and/or
  ornamental features
• serious deterioration of architectural or
  town-planning coherence
• serious deterioration of urban or rural space,
  or the natural
• environment
• significant loss of historical authenticity
• important loss of cultural significance

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The List of World Heritage in Danger

• Criteria for inscription on the List of World
  Heritage in Danger (Cultural Properties)
• ? Potential Danger
• modification of juridical status of the property
  diminishing the degree of its protection
• lack of conservation policy
• threatening effects of regional planning
  projects
• threatening effects of town planning
• outbreak or threat of armed conflict
• gradual changes due to geological, climatic or
  other environmental factors

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The List of World Heritage in Danger

• Criteria for inscription on the List of World
  Heritage in Danger (Natural Properties)
• ? Ascertained Danger
• serious decline in the population of endangered
  species, either by natural or man-made factors
• severe deterioration of the natural beauty of
  scientific value of the property, as by human
  settlement or development (public works,
  industrial or agricultural)
• human encroachment on boundaries or in upstream
  areas

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The List of World Heritage in Danger

• Criteria for inscription on the List of World
  Heritage in Danger (Natural Properties)
• ? Potential Danger
• modification of the legal protective status of
  the area
• planned resettlement or development projects
• outbreak or threat of armed conflict
• management plan/system is lacking or inadequate,
  or not fully implemented

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The List of World Heritage in Danger

• Decision of the Committee
• Based on regular annual reviews, the Committee
  shall decide, in consultation with the State
  Party concerned, whether
• additional measures are required to conserve the
  property
• to delete the property from the List of World
  Heritage in Danger, if the property is no
  longer under threat
• to consider the deletion of the property from
  both the List of World Heritage in Danger and
  the World Heritage List, if the property has
  deteriorated to the extent that it has lost those
  characteristics which determined its
  inscription in the World Heritage List

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The List of World Heritage in Danger

• Deletion of properties from the World Heritage
  List
• property has deteriorated to the extent that it
  has lost those characteristics which determined
  its inclusion in the World Heritage List
• the propertys intrinsic qualities were already
  threatened at the timie of
• its nomination by action of man and where the
  necessary corrective
• measures as outlined by the State Party at the
  time, have not been
• taken within the time proposed

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Periodic Report of the Implementation of the
World Heritage Convention State Parties are
requested to submit reports on the legislative
and administrative provisions they have adopted
and other actions which they have taken for the
application of the Convention, including the
state of conservation of World Heritage
Properties located in their territories
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• Objectives of Periodic Reporting
• to provide assessment of the application of the
  World Heritage Convention by the State Party
• to provide an assessment as to whether the
  outstanding universal value of the World
  Heritage Site/s is being maintained over time
• to provide updated information about the World
  Heritage properties to record the changing
  circumstances and state of conservation of the
  properties
• to provide a mechanism for regional co-operation
  and exchange of information and experiences
  between States Parties

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The World Heritage Fund

• Emergency assistance
• Preparatory assistance
• Training and research assistance
• Technical cooperation
• Assistance for education, information and
  awareness

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Website Operational Guidelines for
theImplementation of the World Heritage
Convention
http//whc.unesco.org/archive/opguide05-en.pdf
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UNESCO International Conventions for the
Protection of Cultural Heritage
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International Conventions in the Field of
Culture UNESCO assists in the preparation of
international conventions agreements to
reinforce international solidarity and
co-operation. ? 1954 Convention for the
Protection of Cultural Property in the Event of
Armed Conflict and its two Additional
Protocols ? 1970 Convention on the Means of
Prohibiting the Illicit Import, Export and
Transfer of Ownership ? 1972 Convention
concerning the Protection of the World Cultural
and Natural Heritage ? 2001 Convention on the
Protection of the Underwater Cultural Heritage ?
2003 International Convention for the
Safeguarding of the Intangible Cultural Heritage
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The 1954 Hague Convention
Photo courtesy of Bruno Bruguier, EFEO
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The 1970 UNESCO Convention on Illicit Traffic
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The 1972 World Heritage Convention
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2001 Convention on the Protection of the
Underwater Cultural Heritage
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2003 International Convention for the
Safeguarding of the Intangible Cultural Heritage
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The World Heritage List
812 sites in 137 States Parties 628
cultural 160 natural 24 mixed cultural and natural
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144 World Heritage Sites in Asia
111 cultural 29 natural 4 mixed cultural and
natural
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26 World Heritage Sites in India
21 cultural 5 natural 0 mixed cultural and
natural
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World Heritage Sites in India
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Ajanta Caves, IndiaInscribed 1983 Criteria C
(i) (ii) (iii) (vi)
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Ellora Caves, IndiaInscribed 1983 Criteria C
(i) (iii) (vi)
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Agra Fort, IndiaInscribed 1983 Criteria C (iii)
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Taj Mahal, IndiaInscribed 1983 Criteria C (i)
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Sun Temple, Konarak, IndiaInscribed 1984
Criteria C (i) (iii) (vi)
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Group of Monuments at Mahabalipuram,
IndiaInscribed 1984 Criteria C (i) (ii) (iii)
(vi)
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Kaziranga National Park, India Inscribed 1985
Criteria N (ii) (iv)
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Manas Wildlife Sanctuary, India Inscribed 1985
Criteria N (ii) (iii) (iv)
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Keoladeo National Park, India Inscribed 1985
Criteria N (iv)
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Churches and Convents of Goa, India Inscribed
1986 Criteria C (ii) (iv) (vi)
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Group of Monuments at Khajuraho, India
Inscribed 1986 Criteria C (i) (iii)
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Group of Monuments at Hampi, India Inscribed
1986 Criteria C (i) (iii) (iv)
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Fatehpur Sikri, India Inscribed 1986 Criteria
C (ii) (iii) (iv)
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Group of Monuments at Pattadakal, India
Inscribed 1987 Criteria C (iii) (iv)
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Elephanta Caves, India Inscribed 1987 Criteria
C (i) (iii)
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Brihadisvara Temple, Thanjavur, India Inscribed
1987 Criteria C (ii) (iii)
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Sundarbans National Park, India Inscribed 1987
Criteria N (ii) (iv)
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Nanda Devi National Park, India Inscribed 1988
Criteria N (iii) (iv)
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Buddhist Monastery at Sanchi, India Inscribed
1989 Criteria C (i) (ii) (iii) (iv) (vi)
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Humayun's Tomb, India Inscribed 1993 Criteria
C (ii) (iv)
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Qutb Minar and its Monuments, Delhi, India
Inscribed 1993 Criteria C (iv)
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Darjeeling Himalayan Railway, India Inscribed
1999 Criteria C (ii) (iv)
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Mahabodhi Temple Complex at Bodh Gaya, India
Inscribed 2002 Criteria C (i) (ii) (iii) (iv)
(vi)
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Rock Shelters of Bhimbetka, India Inscribed
2003 Criteria C (iii) (v)
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Champaner-Pavagadh Archaeological Park,
IndiaInscribed 2004 Criteria C (iii) (iv) (v)
(vi)
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Chhatrapati Shivaji Terminus (formerly Victoria
Terminus), IndiaInscribed 2004 Criteria C (ii)
(iv)
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Great Living Chola Temples, IndiaInscribed 1983
Criteria C (i) (ii) (iii) (iv)
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