NIS Linkages :A Policy Perspective

1
NIS Linkages A Policy Perspective

• Presentation by
• NIRAJ KUMAR
• National Project Head (IMTT)
• Centre for International Trade in Technology
• Indian Institute of Foreign Trade ,New Delhi
• (Ministry of Commerce, GOVT OF INDIA)

2
NIS Overview

• NIS past trends
• NIS developments
• NIS models
• NIC Index-cross country
• Linkages sub index-cross country
• NIC index and sub index-INDIA
• Actors and Linkages in NIS

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NIS-past trends

• Freeman(1987)
• Dosi et al (1988)
• Lundvall(1992)
• Nelson(1993)
• Ohmae(1995)
• Edquist(1997)
• Malerba(1997)
• Braczyk et al(1998)
• Porter(1998)
• Porter and Stern(2002)

4
NIS-developments

• Ohmae(1995)-concept of regional innovation
  systems
• Malerba(1997)-sectoral innovation systems
• Porter(1998)-concept of industrial clusters

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NIS-models

• Liu and White(2001)-conceptual framework built on
  5 different activities of innovation process.
• Research,production,enduse,linkage and education.
• Chang and Shih(2003)-model made up of 6 elements.
• RD expenditure,RD performance, Technology
  policy, human capital development, technology
• transfer,entrepreneurial climate.
• Furman et al(2002)-concept of NIC
• Porter and Stern(2002)-development of NIC Index
  based on 4 sub indexes namely-innovation policy,
  cluster innovation, proportion of scientists and
  engineers linkages.

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NIC Index-cross country

• Country Rank Index
• US 1
  30.3
• Germany 3
  27.2
• UK 4
  27.0
• Japan 12
  26.4
• Singapore 13
  26.0
• Taiwan 14
  26.0
• Korea 23
  22.9
• India 38
  18.9
• China 43
  18.1
• Thailand 46
  17.4
• Malaysia 52
  16.8

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Linkages sub Index-cross country

• Country Rank sub
  Index
• US 1
  7.1
• Germany 10
  6.1
• UK 9
  6.3
• Japan 21
  5.4
• Singapore 15
  5.8
• Taiwan 17
  5.6
• Korea 24
  5.1
• India 23
  5.2
• China 41
  4.3
• Thailand 49
  4.1
• Malaysia 46
  4.2

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NIC Index and sub index-INDIA

• NIC Index 18.9(rank-38)
• Innovation policy 4.8(rank-39)
• Scientists/engineers 1.2(rank-59)
• Cluster innovation 7.8(rank-31)
• Linkages 5.2(rank-23)

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Actors in NIS

• Governments (local,regional,national,international
  )-setting policy directions
• Bridging institutions-intermediaries between
  governments and research performers.
• Private enterprises research institutes they
  finance
• Universities and institutions-provide key
  knowledge and skills.
• Other public and private organizations
• (labs,TTOs,patent offices etc.)

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NIS Linkages Policy Formulation

• Objective1-foster scientific research in
  Universities and scientific institutions.
• Objective2-promote interaction between private
  and public institutions.
• Objective3-Leverage technologies such as IT,
  Biotechnology etc.
• Objective4-strengthen enabling mechanisms
  relating to technology development and
  absorption.
• Objective5-promote international ST cooperation.
  

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NIS linkages Strategy

• Strategy1(Policyobjective1)-estb of research
  institute, Setting up world class RD centers.
• Strategy2(Policyobjective2)-synergy between
  industry scientific research, increased RD
  investments by industry.
• Strategy3(Policyobjective3)-capacity
  buiding,global competitiveness.
• Strategy4(Policyobjective4)-Technology transfer
  and diffusion.
• Strategy5(Policyobjective5)-MOUs,collaboration,for
  eign RD centers.

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Policy impactsectoral view(Biotechnology)

• RD Institutions
• Public-private partnership
• Technology Transfer
• Applications
• ST Cooperation
• Foreign RD Centres

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RD Institutions

• CCMB DNA based research
• IMTECH Microbial Bioprocessing
• NII Immunology research
• NCBC Molecular Biology
• CBT Bioinformatics Genomics
• PGC/CHG Genome research
• NBRC Brain research

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Public-Private partnership

• Monsanto Research (RD Center) _at_ IISc Bangalore
  (plant genomics)
• GENOMED(JV between CBT Nicholas Piramal)
  pharmaco -genomics
• Institute of Bioinformatics and Applied
  Biotechnology (Govt of Karnataka ICICI)
• Biotech Consortium India Ltd.
• TATA-CSIR Initiative for Bio Suite.

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Technology Transfer

• Immunodiagnostics
• Crop Biotechnology
• Animal Biotechnology
• Biomass
• Biofertilizers
• Industrial Biotech

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Applications(consumption of biotech products)

• Human/Animal healthcare products
• Agricultural products
• Industrial products
• Other Biotech products

17
ST Cooperation

• MOUs(Germany,Switzerland,USA,UK,Sweden).
• Coordinating G15 Nations in establishment of Gene
  Banks. (medicinal and aromatic plants)
• More than 15 foreign RD Centers.

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Foreign RD Centers

• Astrazeneca,blore -dev of prescription
  medicines (cancer, neuroscience, cardiovascular,
  respiratory inflammation)
• Gangagen Biotechnologies , blore-prevention
  treatment of bacterial functions
• Novartis, Mumbai (Human vaccines)
• Novo Nordisk, blore (Diabetes care)
• RD Millipore, blore (protein/DNA research)
• Intervet India,pune (animal health products)
• ..and many more.

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Policy Impactsectoral view(Nanotechnology)

• RD Institutions
• Public-private partnership
• Industry RD
• Applications
• ST Cooperation

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RD Institutions

• Nanoparticles IISc/IIT-K/NCL/TIFR
• Carbon nanotubes JNCASR/NPL/NCL
• DNA Biochips IIT-B/CSIO
• Nanocomposites IISc/IIT-M/IIT-R
• MEMS SSPL
• Surface Engg SINP
• Molecular imprints IICT

21
Public-Private Partnership

• MEMS RESEARCH LAB
• Collaboration between
• Cranes software International Limited IISc
  Bangalore

22
Industry RD

• Biomix Network Limited, Mumbai
• (Developing biotechnology tools)
• Velbionanotech,Mumbai
• (Bionanotechnology products)
• Nano Tex LLc -dev centre in India.

23
Applications

• Dabur and Shantha Biotech
• (Using drug delivery applications on commercial
  scale).
• Raymonds and Grasim
• (Using nano chemicals).
• Samsung and LG
• (using nano-coating).

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ST Cooperation

• US based Nano- tex planning an RD center in
  India.
• Ranbaxy has already signed a deal with Bayer.

25
Innovation tomorrow Policy Implications

• 3rd generation innovation policy
• Technological capability development route
• Technological learning processes
• Capacity Building in IMTT An IIFT initiative

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3rd generation policy

• Core emphasis on innovation across.
• Placing innovation at the heart of policy areas
  shaping innovation performance.
• Developing interfaces that allow for pooling of
  knowledge.
• Developing interfaces that allow for Experience
  learning.
• Coordination of policy initiatives.

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Technological capability development routes

• Reverse Value Chain
• Reverse PLC
• Process Specialist
• Product pioneering
• Application pioneering

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Technological learning processes

• Reverse value chain-learning by doing, learning
  by transacting,RD.
• Reverse PLC-learning by doing, reverse
  engineering, imitative RD.
• Process specialist-learning by doing, learning by
  transacting,RD.
• Product pioneering- RD,market research.
• Application pioneering-Technology scanning,
  Integration with Domain Knowledge.

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Capacity Building in IMTTAn IIFT initiative

• Developing masters program in innovation
  management and technology transfer.
• 4 partners-UCE,UK DMU, China IEH, Poland IIFT,
  India.
• Knowledge dissemination through workshops,
  training sessions, forums.
• Beneficiaries shall include
• knowledge workers from academia, RD, SMEs,
  industry, policymakers.

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