Milestones in the Auto Industry

1
Milestones in the Auto Industry?

• At the dawn of the auto industry in late 19th
  century Electric Vehicles had a large market
  share competing with gasoline and steam powered
  vehicles
• Genius of Henry Ford invention of the assembly
  line gave the gasoline vehicle lock-in on
  automobile market that it has held for close to
  100 years
• In late 1970s/ early 80s (following first oil
  embargo) Japanese auto industry introduced small,
  high-efficiency vehicles increasing market
  share in N. America
• From 2005 2008 seen new renaissance of Electric
  Vehicles top 20 OEM auto companies plan to
  launch some type of Electric Vehicle in next 1-3
  yrs
• 40 start-up EV companies in N. America Europe
• In China - 500 companies involved in e-mobility

2
Batteries assembled from thin layers of cathode,
anode and separator material with gel electrolyte
3
Battery Developments

• Lithium is preferred chemistry 5 times energy
  density at one quarter of the weight of lead acid
• Issues are energy density (driving range) and
  power density (acceleration)
• Concerns are price target 0.50/W
• Safety some lithium batteries had safety
  issues new chemistries solved this problem
• Perform calendar life and cycle life

4

Smart Electric Car Electrovaya Shows the size
of the motor/powertrain and lithium polymer
battery pack
5

• iMiEV driven 858 km consumes 85 kWh cost
  Y1,713 - 16.94
• ICE vehicle gas cost Y12,956 121.34

6
Project Better Place

• Uses new concept car as a transportation
  service based on cell phone business
  model        Pure battery electric vehicle
  developed by Renault Nissan       
  Infrastructure of charging stations powered by
  renewable energy/ solar/wind?        Battery
  exchange stations        Software to control
  the charging / exchange process
• Israel, Denmark, Portugal, Ireland, Australia
  signed up plus several cities

7
Project Better Place
8
Need to break oil dependency
We have to get off oil the electrification of
the automobile is inevitable - Bob Lutz, GM Vice
President Fossil fuels will face increasing
competition from renewable energy ultimately we
may leave oil in the ground like coal - Lord
Brown Chairman Shell UK
9
Price at the gas pump main driver for electric
vehicles?
4/gallon in North America but 8 - 12 in Europe
despite speculation causing swings, general
trend is up
10
Expect competition from traditional auto industry

• Shift to smaller, more fuel-efficient vehicles
  - Tata Nano 620 cc rear petrol engine - retails
  for 2,500 20km/l meets Euro IV standards

• Shift to diesel, direct injection, spark
  ignition
• Demands from developing markets, China, India
  1 10M vehicles/year

11
30 mile range runs on water biomass end of
life can recycle into food chain
12
Feature of EVs is the low operating cost even
the UK Electric Lightning www.lightningcarcompa
ny.co.uk
The drumbeat of electrical transportation is
accelerating like nothing Ive ever seen in my
life Andy Grove, ex CEO Intel