The Cold War The Berlin Wall

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The Cold WarThe Berlin Wall

• By Kahn Fukui
• MWH 3B
• May 19, 200000004

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The Wall

• The wall was built 13th August 1961.
• Streets were torn up, barricades were erected,
  tanks gathered at crucial places and the railway
  services between East and West were stopped.
• People could no longer go back and forth the
  western side and soviet side of Berlin.
• The wall came down 19th November 1989.
• The wall was 155 km barbed wire barricade and
  concrete wall. Average height was 3.60 m.
• At least 100 people were killed at the Berlin
  Wall trying to escape over the wall

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Characters involved

• Nikita Khrushchev
• Soviet communist leader
• Walter Ulbricht -
• leader of the east German communist party
• Erich Honecker -
• GDR leader that built the wall
• Günter Schabowski -
• leader of East Berlin's communist party (SED).
  Opened the wall.

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Why it was built

• The Berlin wall was built due to the tension
  between the USSR and the western powers. As the
  Cold War progressed the Soviets wanted to keep
  people within their territory of Berlin and keep
  out people under the West.
• Khrushchev issued an ultimatum to the three
  western powers. He asked them to withdraw their
  troops from West Berlin so it will become a
  " demilitarized free city ".
• The western powers did not withdraw and this
  resulted in Khrushchev sign a peace treaty with
  East Germany.
• About 160,000 refugees were counted fleeing the
  GDR (German Democratic Republic). Ulbricht
  persuaded Khrushchev to take radical steps.
• At the meeting of Communist Party heads in Moscow
  (5th August) they decided the closure of the
  border between East and West Berlin.
• This news traveled quickly and over four thousand
  refugees fled West Berlin on 12th August alone.

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The Fall

• In the summer of 1989, the Berlin Wall became
  unnecessary because Hungary allowed East Germans
  to pass through Hungary on their way to Austria
  and West Germany.
• The East German regime was on the verge of
  collapse.
• On November 9, private citizens began to knock
  down sections of the wall without interference
  from government officials.
• East Germany eventually participated in the
  removal of the Berlin Wall.
• Germany reunited as one in 1990, the Federal
  Republic of Germany.
• The Berlin Wall still has few remaining sections
  but most are kept by private owners or at a
  museum and shops near the site

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Timeline

• May 8, 1945 - World War II ends and Berlin is
  divided into 4 sectors
• June 23, 1948 - Currency reform in Berlin Berlin
  is divided into two different currency zones
• June 24, 1948 - The Berlin blockade
• May 12, 1949 - End of Berlin blockade
• October 7, 1949 - German Democratic Republic is
  founded
• May 26, 1952 - Border between East and West
  Germany
• December 11, 1957 - Leaving East Germany is
  forbidden
• August 13, 1961 - The Berlin border between East
  and West Berlin is closed
• August 26, 1961 - All crossing points are closed
  from West Berlin
• December 17, 1963 - West Berlin citizens visit
  East Berlin for the first time in more than two
  years
• September 10, 1989 - Hungarian government opens
  border for East German refugees
• November 9, 1989 - Berlin Wall is opened
• October 3, 1990 - Germany is reunited

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Bibliography

• The Berlin Crisis, Cold War I, http//www.opb.org/
  lmd/coldwar/berlincrisis/ accessed May 14, 2004
• The Berlin Wall, Berlin wall online,
  http//history1900s.about.com/gi/dynamic/offsite.h
  tm?sitehttp3A2F2Fwww.dailysoft.com2Fberlinwal
  l2F accessed May 14th, 2004
• Berlin Wall, MSN Encarta, Encyclopedia article
  http//encarta.msn.com/encyclopedia_761580628/Berl
  in_Wall.html accessed May 17th, 2004
• Wall Tour, Senate departement of development,
  www.stadtentwicklung.berlin.de/.../
  strecke4.shtml accessed May 14th, 2004
• Years of horror years of hope, Al-Ahram Weekly
  online, weekly.ahram.org.eg/ 1999/462/ Jan 5
  2000, accessed May 14, 2004
• Stucker, Ryan, Berlin Wall, onesummerineurope.com/
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  17th, 2004
• HVAC Comortech photogalery, www.hvaccomfortech.com
  / attend/gallery.html , accessed May 17th, 2004
• A Berlin Wall in west bank, Nothing like the
  truth Vol 03 N0.73, The New York Times,
  www.asticles.com/asticles/ mrsharon.htm , June
  23, 2003 , accessed May 17th 2004