The Progressive Movement

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Chapter 18

• The Progressive Movement

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Leader Dating Profile!

• We are going to get to know the leaders during
  the progressive movement with a leader Dating
  profile! Lets take a look at the assignment!

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I. The Roots of Progressivism

• The Rise of Progressivism
• Who were the progressives?
• Had many different views to correct problems in
  society
• Believed that industrialization and urbanization
  caused problems
• Agreed government should take a bigger role in
  trying to solve the problems

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• Beginnings of Progressivism
• Reaction to laissez-faire economics
• Progressives did not feel the free-market could
  address the problems of the working class
• Government had to be fixed first
• Strong faith in science and technology

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Respond

• Who were the progressives and what did they want
  to do?
• What are some examples of things Progressives
  might want to change in todays society?

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• The Muckrakers
• Journalists that investigated social conditions
• Got the name muckrakers from Teddy Roosevelt (I
  Teddy, by the way)
• Now it is very necessary that we should not
  flinch from seeing what is vile and debasing.
  There is filth on the floor and it must be
  scraped up with the muck-rack and there are
  times and places where this service is the most
  needed of all the services that can be
  performed.
• Washington, D.C., April 14, 1906

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• Ida Tarbell exposed the Standard Oil Company in a
  series of articles for McClures Magazine
• Charles Edward Russell attacked the beef industry
  in Everybodys Magazine
• Jacob Riis wrote about living conditions and
  poverty in How the Other Half Lives

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Pause to Process

• When are muckrakers beneficial to society?
• Identify what you would consider present day
  muckrakers and discuss the topics they explore.

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• Making Government Efficient
• Some progressives felt government should be run
  like a business - scientific management
• Frederick Taylor The Principles of Scientific
  Management
• Commission Plan the government would be divided
  into departments run by experts

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• Democracy and Progressivism
• Laboratory of Democracy
• Robert La Follette, Governor of Wisconsin
• Pushed for direct primary
• Three New Reforms
• Initiative
• Referendum
• Recall
• Direct election of Senators
• 17th Amendment

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PAUSE to process

• The progressives wanted to make the government
  more efficient what would make the government
  more efficient today?

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• The Suffrage Movement
• Suffrage is the right to vote
• Early Problems
• Weak concentration on equal rights for blacks and
  whites
• Two separate organizations
• National Woman Suffrage Association Elizabeth
  Cady Stanton and Susan B. Anthony wanted
  constitutional amendment
• American Woman Suffrage Association Lucy Stone
  and Julia Ward Howe wanted to change state law

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• 3. The Movement Builds Support
• 1890 unite National American Woman Suffrage
  Association (NAWSA)
• States start changing laws 1912
• 4. 19th Amendment
• 1920 women gain the right to vote

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PAUSE to process

• Write a letter to the editor supporting OR
  opposing the womens suffrage movement (men...
  Remember - you may want to ask one of the girls
  in the room to prom at some point - be careful
  what you write!).

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• Social Welfare Progressivism
• The Campaign Against Child Labor
• 1.7 million children under 16 worked outside the
  home
• National Child Labor Committee abolish child
  labor
• John Spargo muckraker told about coal mines

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• Health and Safety Codes
• Poor working conditions
• Triangle Shirtwaist Company 150 died in fire
• Building codes for fire hazards

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• Prohibition
• Alcohol was responsible for many problems
• Effects of drinking on the family
• Many Christians opposed it
• Temperance Movement elimination of alcohol
• Womens Christian Temperance Union

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PAUSE to process!

• There has been a law enacted in New York City to
  prohibit the use of Trans fats in any foods. do
  you think it would be possible to pass a
  prohibition law again?

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• Progressives vs. Big Business
• Regulation
• Wealth in the hands of too few people
• Socialism Eugene Debs 1 million votes for the
  socialist party for president in 1912

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Reflect

• In your opinion, what was the most important
  issue the Progressives addressed? Give support
  for your answer.

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II. Roosevelt in Office

• Roosevelt Revives the Presidency
• Internationally Roosevelt was a Social Darwinist,
  at home he was a progressive
• Square Deal
• Roosevelt takes on the Trusts - Concerned some
  trusts were hurting public interest
• The Coal Strike of 1902

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• The Bureau of Corporations
• Department of Commerce and Labor
• Bureau of Corporations
• Charged with investigating corporations and
  reporting results
• Gentlemens agreement
• US Steel agreed to open books, if flaws were not
  reported, and they were given the opportunity to
  correct the errors
• Congress Follows
• Expedition Act - antitrust suits took precedence
• Hepburn Act - allowed ICC to set railroad rates

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Respond

• To what extent should a president be involved in
  the affairs of private business?

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• Social Welfare Action
• Samuel Hopkins Adams addressed the patent
  medicine industry
• Cocaine and opium stop pain but the narcotics
  are not the safest drugs to put into the hands of
  the ignorant, particularly when their presence is
  concealed in the "cough remedies," "soothing
  syrups, " and "catarrhal powders" of which they
  are the basis.  Few outside of the rabid
  temperance advocates will deny a place in the
  medical practice to alcohol. But alcohol, fed
  daily and in increasing doses to women and
  children, makes not for health, but for
  drunkenness. The Great American Fraud by
  Samuel Hopkins Adams

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• Upton Sinclair caused concern about meat packing
  industry

There was never the least attention paid to what
was cut up for sausage there would come all the
way back from Europe old sausage that had been
rejected, and that was moldy and white--it would
be dosed with borax and glycerine, and dumped
into the hoppers, and made over again for home
consumption. There would be meat that had tumbled
out on the floor, in the dirt and sawdust, where
the workers had tramped and spit uncounted
billions of consumption germs. There would be
meat stored in great piles in rooms and the
water from leaky roofs would drip over it, and
thousands of rats would race about on it. It was
too dark in these storage places to see well, but
a man could run his hand over these piles of meat
and sweep off handfuls of the dried dung of rats.
These rats were nuisances, and the packers would
put poisoned bread out for them they would die,
and then rats, bread, and meat would go into the
hoppers together. The Jungle by Upton Sinclair
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• Meat Inspection
• Federal inspection of meat sold across state
  lines - interstate commerce
• Agriculture Department set cleanliness standards
• Pure Food and Drug Act
• Prohibited manufacture, sale, or shipment of
  impure or falsely labeled food and drugs

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Pause to Process

• How do reforms of the early 1900s benefit us
  today?

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• Conservation
• 1. Land Development in West
• New lands Reclamation Act
• Federal funds from land sales to pay for
  irrigation and land development
• 2. Gifford Pinchot
• Managed natural resources
• Drew up regulations controlling lumbering on
  federal lands
• 3. Roosevelt set aside over 100 million acres,
  established five national parks and 51 federal
  wildlife reserves

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Pause to PRocess

• Roosevelts Legacy
• What do you think it was?
• (Dont let the fact that I Teddy Roosevelt
  influence your opinion of him!)

T.R. B.B.
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III. The Taft Administration

• Taft Becomes President
• Roosevelts Secretary of War
• William Jennings Bryan lost again
• Tafts Approach to Government
• Wanted to avoid conflict
• Didnt like politics, didnt like the limelight
• The Payne-Aldrich Tariff Act
• Believed high tariffs limited competition
• Progressives did not like this they wanted more
  government involvement not less
• Act passes but cut taxes hardly at all

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• The Ballinger-Pinchot Controversy
• Ballinger was secretary of the interior
• Wanted to sell public forests to private
  developers - for his profit
• Cleared Pinchot (chief forester) leaked this to
  the press
• Fired for insubordination
• Because the public did not like what was going on
  Democrats and progressive republicans took
  control in congressional elections

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• Tafts Progressive Reforms
• Childrens Bureau
• Mann-Elkins Act increased power of the ICC
• Anti-trust lawsuit against US steel

Interesting Facts about Taft -Largest President
ever (332 lbs, 6 ft. tall) -Got stuck in the
White House bathtub had to have a special one
made -Liked milk so much that he had a cow
brought to the White House (named Molly Wolly)
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IV. The Wilson Years

• The Election of 1912
• The Republican Party Splits
• Taft v. Roosevelt
• Conservatives rallied behind Taft
• Progressives behind Roosevelt
• Roosevelt leaves the party
• Progressive Party a.k.a. Bull Moose Party
• Roosevelt v. Wilson
• Taft had alienated so many that he was out of the
  race

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• Wilsons Character and Background
• Progressive
• Governor of New Jersey
• Revamped election laws
• Established utility regulatory boards
• Allowed cities to change to commission plan

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• New Freedom Versus New Nationalism
• New Nationalism Roosevelt
• Trusts are a part of life, need to be regulated
  by government
• Outlined a complete program of reforms
• Favored labor legislation to protect women and
  child
• Supported workers compensation
• Federal Trade Commission
• New Freedom Wilson
• Said Roosevelt supported regulated monopolies
• Felt monopolies were bad, should be destroyed
• Support free enterprise

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Pause to Process

• How did Wilson differ from Roosevelt in dealing
  with trusts?

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• Wilson is Elected
• Roosevelt and Taft split the Republican vote
• Wilson won 435 electoral votes
• Received less than 42 of the popular vote

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B. Regulating the Economy

• 1. Reforming Tariffs
• Proposed a bill to reduce tariffs
• Pressure from foreign countries would help
  American manufactures to become more competitive
• Underwood Tariff passed in 1913
• Reduced tariff on imported goods by 30
• Levied an income tax
• 16th Amendment made the income tax possible

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• Reforming Banks
• Federal Reserve system
• Board of Governors set interest rates the reserve
  banks charge other banks
• Board can create inflation or deflation
• Federal Reserve Act passed in 1913

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Pause to Process

• What did Wilson do that affected the economy?

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• Antitrust Action
• Wilson began to see things Roosevelts way
  regarding big business
• 1914 Federal Trade Commission
• Power to investigate companies involved in unfair
  trade practices
• Wilson did not want to break up big business, but
  protect competition
• Clayton Antitrust Act
• Banned tying agreements
• Banned price discrimination
• Discounts not allowed
• Unions not included

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C. Federal Aid and Social Welfare

• Keating-Owen Child Labor Act
• Children under 14 could not work in factories
  producing goods for interstate commerce.
• Supreme Court said that it was unconstitutional
  since child labor was not interstate commerce
  only states could regulate child labor
• Adamson Act
• Established eight-hour workday for railroad
  workers
• Federal Farm Loan Act
• Created 12 Federal Land Banks to give farmers low
  interest loans

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D. The Legacy of Progressivism

• A New Kind of Government
• Americans expected the government to play an
  active role in the economy and society
• The Limits of Progressivism
• Did not address the African American reform
  issues
• 1909 National Association for the Advancement of
  Colored People (NAACP)
• W.E.B. Du Bois and other NAACP leaders felt the
  vote was essential
• Progressives expanded democracy and improved the
  quality of life for many

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LEADER Dating Profile Time!!!!

• WOO HOO!!