Community Ecology

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Community Ecology

• Studying groups of organisms and how they interact

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Community

• Studying all the living things at the same place
  and the same timeHow do they interact?

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Energy Roles in the Community

• Sunlight provides all the energy for the planet
• Producer/Autotroph needs sunlight for energy
• Consumer /Heterotroph needs to eat other living
  things for energy.
• Herbivore eat plants only
• Omnivore eat plants and animals
• Carnivore eat animals only
• Insectivore eats insects
• Scavenger eats dead or weak animals
• Parasite lives inside other organisms and feeds
  off them

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Herbivores
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Omnivores
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Carnivores
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scavengers
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Parasites
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Producer (autotroph) or Consumer (heterotroph)?

• Ant
• Alligator
• Bean
• Bianca
• Corn
• Diatom
• Grass
• Grain
• Giraffe

• Leaf
• Monkey
• phytoplankton
• Puppy
• Seaweed
• Seahorse
• See wha?
• Tapeworm
• Yak
• Zebra

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Mapping Energy Roles in the Community

• Food Chain shows what eats what
• Food Web shows how several food chains interact
• Feeding Level an organisms place in a food
  chain

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Specific Roles Between Populations

• Competition (we both want the same thing
  relationships)
• Predation (I eat you relationship)
• Symbiosis (close relationships)
• .

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Competition

• Organisms compete for limited resources such as
  habitats, shelter, food and water
• Competition can come from other organisms in a
  population (deer vs. deer) or from the community
  (deer vs. cows)
• Competition limits growth (like in Oh Deer!)

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Competition
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Predation

• Predation /-
• When an organism, the predator, hunts and kills
  another, the prey, for food
• Parasitism /-
• when two organisms live together, one feeding on
  the other. Parasites do not normally kill their
  hosts, but do weaken them

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Predator, Prey or Parasite, Host?

• Lion, gazelle
• Snake, mouse
• Early bird, worm
• Cricket, frog
• Humans, malaria
• Fish, lamprey
• Moose, leech
• Human, tapeworm
• Forest plant, mistletoe

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Symbiotic Relationships

• Symbiosis
• An interaction between 2 organisms living
  together closely
• Mutualism / (I benefit ?, you benefit ?)
• Commensalism /0 (I benefit ?, you dont care?)

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Mutual or Commensal?

• Flowering plants and pollinators like bees
• A bird living on a tree branch
• A remora riding on a sharks stream
• Humans and pets
• Moray eels and cleaner shrimp
• Nemo and his anem, ameno, anemone!
• An orchid growing on a tree
• A hermit crab living in an abandoned shell

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Homework!

• Read 1-3 Interaction and Evolution in your
  Ecology Reading Packet. (pp. 23-27)
• Do worksheet on Parasites (Homework Packet)

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Class is in session!

• Please pull out your Ecology homework packet.
  Begin work on Duos Down Deep worksheet on
  symbiotic relationships silently
• I will come around and check your homework on the
  Parasites sheet
• We will be reviewing the Ecology Reading 1-3

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Review

• Community ecology is a study of a group of
  organisms in the same place, at the same time.
• How do they interact?
• Energy (food) relationships are described by food
  chains, food webs, trophic or feeding levels
• Other relationships competition, predation,
  (/-), parasitism (/-), commensalism (/0) and
  mutualism (/)

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Adaptation Tag Game

• Organisms need to compete against each other for
  food
• Organisms also need to avoid becoming the food of
  a predator
• What happens when organisms develop adaptations?

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To compete or survive better in my community, I
need toadapt!

• Adaptation A body part, natural body process or
  behavior of an organism that helps it to survive
  or reproduce successfully in its environment.
• adaptations become more common in a population
  over time if they help the organism out-compete
  other organisms

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Review of Jellyfish Adaptations

• Clear skin allows them to camouflage with water
  surroundings
• Flexible body allows it to drift for 100s of
  miles, or use tentacles to swim
• Adapted to salt and fresh water (depending on the
  species)

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• Some adapted symbiotic relationship with
  phytoplankton which can make food in the jelly
  cells!
• Can shrink when theres not a lot of food and
  grow when there is lots
• Tentacles help grab food, up to 200 ft tentacles
  on the lions mane jelly can sting
• Some jellies can emit light in the dark,
  attracting prey

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• Structural adaptations are special body parts of
  an organism that help it to survive in its
  natural habitat, for example, its skin color,
  shape and body covering

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(No Transcript)
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Mimicry a structural adaptation that helps the
viceroy avoid predation
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Camouflage more structural adaptations that help
prey survive
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Danger alert! Still more structural adaptations
that help prey survive
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• Behavioral adaptations are special ways a
  particular organism behaves to survive in its
  natural habitat.

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Physiological Adaptations
Did you knowThe arctic ground squirrel lowers
its core body temp to -2.9C for up to 3 weeks in
hibernation!
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• Physiological adaptations natural body processes
  like making venom, secreting slime, being able to
  keep a constant body temperature.

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Recap/Summary of Community Ecology

• Energy roles
• producers/consumers
• Herbivores, omnivores, carnivores
• Interactive roles
• Symbiosis (mutual, commensal, parasitic),
  competition, predator/prey
• Adaptations
• Structural (Camouflage), behavioral,
  physiological