MAMMALS

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MAMMALS

• Mammology
• Study of mammals

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MAMMALS

• ENDOTHERMIC
• 2 PAIRS OF APPENDAGES
• 5 000 SPECIES
• GROUPINGS BASED ON HOW YOUNG DEVELOPS FROM BIRTH

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5 CHARACTERISTICS

• HAIR / FUR
• VIVIPAROUS
• give birth to live young
• MAMMARY GLANDS
• Nurse young
• NURTURE YOUNG
• provide care for young
• WELL DEVELOPED BRAIN

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THREE MAMMAL GROUPS

• 1. MONOTREMATA
• Oviparous
• Lay eggs with hard leathery shells
• Native to Australia
• Duckbilled platypus
• Spiny anteater

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THREE MAMMAL GROUPS

• 2. MARSUPIALS
• Young must crawl to pouch to nurse
• Native to Australia
• Kangaroo / koala
• North America---opposum

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THREE MAMMAL GROUPS

• 3. PLACENTALS
• Young are nourished within mothers body
• Placenta
• Organ through which nutrients, oxygen, and
  wastes pass between mother and embryo

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PLACENTAL MAMMALS

• GROUPED BY
• How and what they eat
• How they move about
• Where they live

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12 ORDERS OF PLACENTAL MAMMALS
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1. ORDER RODENTIA

• RODENTS
• sharp teeth for gnawing / cutting
• Must be ground down
• Rats / mice / squirrel / beaver

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2. ORDER CHIROPTERA

• FLYING MAMMALS
• Stretched skin makes wings
• bats

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3. ORDER CARNIVORA

• MEAT EATING
• Specialized teeth for tearing
• Lion/ wolf/ bears/ tiger

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4. ORDER PROBOSCIDEA

• Trunk animals
• Elephants 3 types
• Indian elephant
• Asian elephant
• African elephant

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5. ORDER INSECTIVORA

• Insect eating mammals
• Specialized structures for insect gathering
• Giant anteater / moles /shrews / hedgehog

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6. ORDER ARTIODACTYLA

• EVEN-TOED MAMMALS
• Split hooves
• Deer / cattle / camel / goat / sheep

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ANTLERS / HORNS

• ANTLERS ARE SHED ANNUALLY
• DEER
• HORNS
• DO NOT FALL OFF
• BIG HORN SHEEP

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7. ORDER PERRISODACTYLA

• ODD TOED MAMMALS
• Horses / zebra

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8. ORDER EDENTATA

• TOOTHLESS
• NO FRONT TEETH
• ARMADILLOS / SLOTH / GIANT ANTEATER

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9. ORDER CETACEA

• Mammals that must stay in water
• whales / dolphins / porpoises
• NO GILLS
• Must surface to breathe
• viviparous

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10. ORDER SIRENIA

• Aquatic herbivores
• plant eaters
• Manatees
• endangered due to boat propellers

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11. ORDER LAGOMORPHA

• Rabbit like mammals
• Rabbits / pikas

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12. ORDER PRIMATA

• OPPOSABLE THUMB
• PERMITS GRIPPING OBJECTS
• EYES FACING FORWARD
• BINOCULAR VISION
• DEPTH PERCEPTION
• 200 SPECIES
• BABBOON / MONKEY / GORILLA /CHIMPANZEES
• SOCIAL ANIMALS

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UNIQUE HUMAN CHARACTERISTICS

• Verbal communication
• Capable of tool construction and usage

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SPECIALIZED TEETH

• Designed for the type of food eaten
• Herbivore
• plant eater
• teeth are wide and flat
• Carnivore
• meat eater
• teeth are sharp and pointed

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SPECIALIZED TEETH

• 4 types
• INCISORS in front
• Chisel like / CUTS food
• CANINES
• pointed / TEARS food

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SPECIALIZED TEETH

• PREMOLARS
• CRUSHES and GRINDS food
• MOLARS
• CRUSHES and GRINDS food

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DIGESTIVE SYSTEM

• Carnivores
• One stomach / short intestines
• Herbivore
• Specialized stomach / long intestines
• PLANTS TAKE LONGER TO DIGEST THAN MEAT

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RUMINANTS

• CUD CHEWERS
• Cud - regurgitated plant matter
• Four stomachs