Deregowski (1972) Pictorial perception and culture.

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Deregowski (1972) Pictorial perception and
culture.
Focus on the cube
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Deregowski (1972) Pictorial perception and
culture
what is odd about this?
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Old woman or young woman?

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Look at this picture for 3 secondsthen draw it
from memory

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A vase or two faces?

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Visual Perception

• The question
• Is the world OUT THERE to be seen? Bottom Up
  perception (Gibson)
• If perception is innate
  Then we draw the world as it is

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Visual Perception

• Do we construct the world that we see?
• Top Down perception (Gregory)
• If perception is learned
  Then we draw what we THINK we see and what we
  think we see has been learned

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Top Down visual perception?

• The switch you see is evidence for GREGORY

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IS the left vertical really shorter?
more evidence for Top Down?
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And what on earth is this?
more evidence for Top Down?
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And think about this.

• The red squares ARE the same colour and size
• So why do they look different?

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Deregowski (1972) Pictorial perception and
culture

• The question
• Does culture affect the way we SEE pictures
  (nurture)
• Cross cultural studies can help to answer this
  question

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Deregowski (1972) Pictorial perception and
culture

• The method
• DEREGOWSKI performed a review of a series of
  CROSS CULTURAL
  STUDIES

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Deregowski (1972) Pictorial perception and
culture

• Study (1) late 19th century
• Robert Laws Mrs Donald Frazer
• they were missionaries
• showed Africans European style Pictures (e.g.
  of elephants)

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Deregowski (1972) Pictorial perception and
culture

• The Africans were afraid of them.. they thought
  they were real elephants

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Deregowski (1972) Pictorial perception and
culture

• Study (2) William Hudson
• the key to understanding pictures lies in depth
  cues
• WE LEARN three rules

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Deregowski (1972) Pictorial perception and
culture

• DEPTH CUES - Rule ONE
• larger objects are perceived as nearer

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Deregowski (1972) Pictorial perception and
culture

• DEPTH CUES - Rule TWO
• overlap - obscured objects seen as further away

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Deregowski (1972) Pictorial perception and
culture

• DEPTH CUES - Rule THREE
• perspective - lines converge as they get
  further away (railway lines)

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William Hudsons famous pictureSpearing the
antelope or the elephant?
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Deregowski (1972) Pictorial perception and
culture

• Showed this picture to Africans
• when asked what is the man doing participants
  could not say which animal was being speared
• (did not seem to use depth cues)
• classed as two dimensional viewers

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Deregowski (1972) Pictorial perception and
culture

• Study (3) William Hudson
• Zambian children - shown picture of two squares
  connected by a rod

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Deregowski (1972) Pictorial perception and
culture

• Study (3) William Hudson
• Given sticks and modelling clay to build a
  model of what they saw

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Deregowski (1972) Pictorial perception and
culture

• Study (3) William Hudson
• 2-D viewers built two dimensional models

British primary school children usually try to
build 3 dimensional models (boxes)
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Deregowski (1972) Pictorial perception and
culture

• Study (4) The impossible trident
• Zambian primary school children asked to draw
  this figure
• 2-D viewers found it easiest!

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Deregowski (1972) Pictorial perception and
culture

• Study (4) The impossible trident
• 3-D viewers found it harder - they spent longer
  looking at it (Why?)

Are you a 2-D or a 3-D viewer
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Deregowski (1972) Pictorial perception and
culture

• Study (5) Richard GREGORY
• asked unskilled African viewers to adjust a spot
  of light so that it lay at the same depth as an
  object in the
• spearing the antelope picture

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Deregowski (1972) Pictorial perception and
culture

• Study (5) example - try this out

Where will the pointer be if it is on the nearest
object? 2-D viewers cannot do this
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Deregowski (1972) Pictorial perception and
culture

• Study (6) split style drawing

African children prefer the split style
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Deregowski (1972) Pictorial perception and
culture

• The cross cultural studies
• What can we conclude?
• If different cultures use different rules to
  construct their pictures it follows that one
  culture may not be able to interpret the drawings
  of another culture

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Deregowski (1972) Pictorial perception and
culture

• Do YOU understand these symbols?
• 8 9 b v
• ( N
• what do they mean?
• Would they be universally understood?
• (by all cultures)

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Deregowski (1972) Pictorial perception and
culture
What do you see? Duck or rabbit?

Evidence for Gregory or Gibson?
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Deregowski (1972) Pictorial perception and
culture

• Remember the question !!
• Is the world OUT THERE to be seen? Bottom Up
  perception
• (Gibsonnature)
• Do we construct the world that we see? Top Down
  perception
• (Gregorynurture)

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Deregowski (1972) Pictorial perception and
culture

• As you view this is your brain testing a
  hypothesis?

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Deregowski (1972) Pictorial perception and
culture

• The end