Clean%20Snowmobile%20Challenge

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• Clean Snowmobile Challenge
• 2005
• Minnesota State University, Mankato

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Design Strategy

• Emissions
• Noise
• Fuel Choice
• Suspension
• Ergonomics
• Design Cost Analysis

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Emissions

• Four-Stroke Cycle Engine
• MoTeC Engine Management System
• Lean Air/Fuel Ratio
• Lower Exhaust Emissions with E85
• 3-Way Catalyst

2003 700cc Polaris Sportsman
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700 Sportsman

• Availability
• Adaptability for Snowmobile
• CVT Coupling
• Cost
• Approximately 1/3 Price of Sport Bike Engine
• Fuel Adaptability
• Fuel Injectors

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Cylinder Head Comparison

• Increased Intake and Exhaust Flow to Improve
  Performance
• Comparison of Sportsman 700 to Frontier 780

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Load Simulation (Dyno Testing)

• Aided in Decision of Engine Modifications
• Projected Horsepower
• Computer Simulation Used to Determine Engine
  Performance

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Fuel Injector Selection

• Flow Rate (Gas) HP(expected) X BSFC
  
• of Injectors X Duty Cycle
• 45 HP X .5 lbs/hp-hr
• 2 X 0.8
• Flow Rate (E85) 14.06 lbs/hr x 130
• 18.27 lbs/hr

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MoTeC Controller

• Closed Loop Operation
• Programmable Fuel and Ignition
• Improved Emissions and Fuel Economy

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Emissions

• Earth Friendly!

Polaris Frontier 780 cc
MSU E85 683 cc
Weighted Weighted
  HC CO NOx Weight
Mode 1 20.12 661.2 27.4 0.12
Mode 2 9.77 111.1 33.4 0.27
Mode 3 2.69 69.6 9.5 0.25
Mode 4 2.36 74.4 3.0 0.31
Mode 5 1.72 6.8 0.1 0.05
Total 36.66 923.0 46.0  
Weighted Weighted Weighted
    HC CO CO NOx NOx Weight
Mode 1 Mode 1 0.02556 0.00072 0.00072 0.063 0.063 0.12
Mode 2 Mode 2 0.34695 0.00999 0.00999 0 0 0.27
Mode 3 Mode 3 0.06175 0.00025 0.00025 0.039 0.039 0.25
Mode 4 Mode 4 0.14477 0 0 0.446 0.446 0.31
Mode 5 Mode 5 0.9591 0.00005 0.00005 0.029 0.029 0.05
Total Total 1.53813 0.01029 0.01029 0.57 0.57  
Results from 2003 Models
g/hp-hr
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Catalytic Converter
3-Way, 400 cells per inch reduces CO, HC, and
NOx levels
? Flow
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Noise Control

• Under-Seat Exhaust
• Walker Quiet-Flow muffler
• Soundfoam HT Sound Absorbing Material
• Wrap-around Snow Flap
• Airbox
• Quiet Track
• Designed for National Parks and Environmentally
  Sensitive Areas

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Muffler Selection

• Sound Map for 683 Four-Stroke Cycle Engine
• Targeted Frequencies

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Muffler Calculations

• Used to Determine Physical Size of Muffler
• 4 dB Loss With Optimal Conical Section
• 15-18 dB Loss With Optimal Cross Section

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Walker Quiet-Flow Muffler

• Selected to Dampen Sound at Critical Frequencies

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Sound Absorbing Material

• Absorbing Foam with Noise Reduction Coefficient
  of .52
• 2004 MSU Snowmobile Used Material with a .23 NRC
• Used to Block Noise Produced by Idler Wheels
• Contain Exhaust Noise Between the Track and Ground

Wrap-Around Snow Flap
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Air Box

• Dampens Sounds Produced From Intake
• OEM Arctic Cat Quiet Track
• Special Lamination Process for Reduced Roughness

Quiet Track
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E85 Fuel

• Renewable Resource
• Chemically Consistent
• Higher Octane Level
• Higher Oxygen Content
• Lower Energy Density
• Lower Reid Vapor Pressure
• Fuel Heaters
• Total Cost per Mile

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Properties of Fuels

• Gasoline
• 115,000 BTU/gal
• Non-Oxygenated
• High Volatility
• 92 PON

• 85 Ethanol
• 81,850 BTU/gal
• Oxygenated
• Low Volatility
• 108 PON

E85 Winter Blend
115,000 BTU/gal X 30 76,000 BTU/gal X 70
87,700 BTU/gal
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Fuel Comparison

• Gasoline (92 PON)
• Cost 2.26 per gal

• 85 Ethanol
• 1.79 per gal

E85

• 24 Less Energy per Gallon
• 21 Less Cost per Gallon
• 3 Increased Cost per Mile

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Suspension

• Additional Idler Wheels to Reduce Track Friction
  and Noise
• Titanium Springs to Lower Weight
• 8 Inch Rear Idler Wheels for Less Rolling
  Resistance

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Ergonomics

• Ergonomically Designed Seat Designed to Keep the
  Riders Legs in a Natural Position
• 2 Inch Handlebar Riser Keeps the Handlebars Away
  From the Riders Knees.
• Fox Shocks are Used to Improve Handling.

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Cost of Modifications

• Engine 506.45
• Fuel System 127.00
• Exhaust 236.00
• Electronics 133.00
• Noise Treatment 24.00

Total 1,026.45
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Cost Goals

• 2001 Polaris Stock Sled
  4,500.00
• Total Cost of Modifications 1,026.45
• Total Cost Overall
  5,526.45
• Percent Increase 23

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Summary

• Engine Simulation
• Engine Modifications
• Noise Analysis
• Suspension Modifications
• Ergonomics

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Sponsors
Minnesota Corn Growers Assosation, OTC, MnUSA,
LubeTech, MoHawks, Steve Shallbetter, QA1, Pro
Corn Plus, Ethanol2000, Pro-Corn LLC
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Questions?