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INSTITUTE OF AQUACULTURE
HELLENIC CENTRE FOR MARINE RESEARCH
By M.N. Alexis
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INSTITUTE OF AQUACULTURE

• The Institute is one of the five Institutes of
  HCMR and has been created by the unification of
  the Departments of Aquaculture of NCMR and IMBC,
  in Athens and Crete.
• The basic objective of the Institute is to
  develop original scientific and technological
  research and also promote applications in the
  Aquaculture and related areas.
• The Research performed concerns the understanding
  of the biological basis of Aquaculture and the
  development and optimization of tools and
  technologies of production for all the stages of
  the rearing cycle. This Research leads to
  scientific and technological applications, the
  development and transfer of technology and
  know-how as well as the development of new
  research personnel.

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STRATEGY / METHOD A classic push / pulled
integrated R.T.D. approach
PROBLEMS / DEMAND

RESEARCH
Scientific Community
Innovation
Knowledge
Services Products
Improvement Validation
Education Training
Studies Advises
Pilot scale
Production Sector
Political Level
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RESEARCH PRIORITIES
1- Fry production 1 - Reproduction mechanisms
and control 2 - Biology and control of fish
development 3 - Ontogeny of behavior and
applications (feeding, etc)
2- Improvements in production parameters and fish
quality 1- Fish nutrition and feeding 2-
Fish pathology stress and immunology 3- Fish
flesh quality and standards
3- Technologies of production and
Technological- Biotechnological
products 1- Hatchery technologies and
larviculture 2- Automations for classical
production cycle 3- Open sea rearing 4-
Microalgae
4- Aquaculture and environment
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Fry rearing Reproduction mechanisms and Control

• Research subjects
• Fish reproductive cycle (maturation,
  ovulation)
• Influence of environment (mainly thermoperiod
  and photoperiod)
• Use of hormonal implants and injections
• Sperm and eggs quality (embryonic and
  pre-larval development)
• Special case of Blue fin Tuna and other big
  fishes (size problem)
• Special studies for new species (re-initiation
  of general approach)
• Actions on the cycle (sex differentiation, early
  puberty and maturation)
• Broodstock genetic improvement (HCMR
  University and other partners)

• Applications
• Production of good quality eggs all year around
• New species
• Production of fish of improved growth potential

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Fry rearing Biology and Control of Fish
Development

• Research subjects
• Description of normal embryogenesis and
  larval development
• Somatic plasticity and abnormalities (gt
  absence of deformities)
• Links with environment (temperature,
  currents, etc) and technology
• Genetic and gene expression (in collaboration
  with other groups)
• Study of specific problems like
• Coloration (Pagrus)
• Sexual differentiation (sea bass)
• Growth and quality of flesh

• Applications
• Production of good quality larvae of optimum
  growth potential
• New species

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Fry rearing Behaviour and Applications

• Ontogeny and quality of basic behaviors
• Normality - abnormality
• Plasticity and adaptation
• Relation with age and environment (temperature,
  light, food, fish density)
• Relations inter and intra specific of similar and
  different sizes
• Moments and capacity of learning and conditioning
  
• Target studies of specific important behaviors
• Feeding preferences (quantity, size, frequence,
  color) and adaptations (or not)
• Swimming, repartition, schooling
• Agressivity and cannibalism

• Applications
• Previsions of evolution, aetiology, correlations
  between behaviors
• Tank organisation and management
• Sorting devices of abnormal animals (swimblader,
  opercul) and mode of use
• Self-feeders and self-choice
• Behavioral illness

Collaborations with labs. of psychophysiology
/ neurophysiology (brain)
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Improvements in production-quality Fish
Nutrition and Feeding

• Research subjects
• Nutritional requirements (Vitamins, Fatty acids,
  Protein / Energy levels,
• Amino acids
• Evaluation of raw material quality (Composition,
  digestibility)
• Fish meal and fish oil replacement
• Growth inhibitors and their effects on fish
• Feed preferences and capacity for adaptation
• Effect of feed pellet characteristics on feeding

• Applications
• Formulation of nutritionaly balanced diets for
  Mediterranean species
• Evaluation of quality of commercial diets
• Feeding tables, optimization of feeding
• Demand feeders

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Improvements in production-quality Fish Pathology

• Research subjects
• Stress indices of fish and effect of stress on
  health status
• Antibiotic treatment of sea bass and sea bream
• Occurrence of pathogens in Greek Aquaculture
• Fish immune system and effects of nutrition

• Applications
• Prevention Suitable feeds, good management
  practice
• Treatment Correct diagnosis, correct use of
  antibiotics

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Improvements in production-quality Quality of
Fish Flesh

• Research subjects
• Chemical, organoleptic and microbiological
  changes during storage
• Comparison of wild and cultured fish
• Effect of diet and feeding on fish composition
  and organoleptic
• Dietary additives to improve quality
• Withdrawal time for antibiotics

• Applications
• Food for tailorisation of fish quality (color,
  texture,
• structure, composition)
• Healthy fish food
• Consumer standards

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Technology-ProductsHatchery technologies and
larviculture

• Research subjects
• Larval rearing (extensive, mesocosm and
  intensive) endo trophic endoexotrophic,
  exotrophic phases
• Weaning (co-feeding, early weaning , weaning)
• Nursery
• Applications
• new species
• SME
• possible tool for repopulation

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Technology-ProductsAutomations for all the
production cycle

• Product development (through other research
  priorities)
• Self feeders
• Equipment for measuring environmental parameters
• Automated feeding systems for hatcheries (live
  food) and cages
• Continuous production systems for rotifers
• Applications
• Cage farms
• Hatcheries

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Technology-Products Microalgae

• Research subjects
• Mechanisms of photosynthesis
• Mixed conditions of feeding
• Development of photobioreactors
• Applications
• Production in photo-bioreactors
• Biomass for
• Aquaculture
• Fine chemical Industry- Cosmetics
• Human consumption

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Technology-Products Open sea cages

• Research subjects
• Automated systems for management
• Feeding
• Fish manipulation
• Monitoring of fish populations
• Species specific methodology for large size fish
• Applications
• Aquaculture diversification
• Reduction of coastal zone conflicts

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Aquaculture and Environment

• Research subjects
• Prediction models and remediation (in
  collaboration with other groups)
• Fish feeds with minimal environmental discharges
• Feeding management
• Effect of aquaculture practices on marine
  microbial load
• Interaction of aquaculture and wild fish
  populations
• Applications
• Fish feed Industry
• Aquaculture units
• Public authorities

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SERVICES PRODUCTS Basic activity of the
Institute aimed at fish farms, feed companies,
Feed additive suppliers, technology brokers

• Needs
• Limited ability to perform analytical work by the
  Industry
• Lack of a National Reference laboratory

Type of support 1- Provision of essential living
material for hatcheries and on growing 2-
Diagnostic procedures in pathology, fry quality,
flesh quality, water quality 3- Special studies
needed by individual initiatives ISO, HACCP 4-
Test of industrial products used in aquaculture
5- Special research programs for solution of
local (biological or technological) problems 6-
Transfer of technology to farms and training of
staff
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INSTALLATIONS

• Aqualab, Gournes Crete
• Experimental Station, Aghios Kosmas Attiki
• Aquarium, Gournes Crete
• KALYPSO Technological Park, Souda Crete

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KALYPSO TECHNOLOGICAL PARK An infrastructure for
optimization of innovations in marine
aquaculture, generation/ incubation of related
start up, test of products and training
Partnership

• - HCMR (inst. Aq)
• - NIREUS S.A.
• ZENON S.A.
• ANEK lines
• Coperative Bank of Chania
• Coperative Bank of Heraclion
• - University of Crete
• - Polytechnic Chania
• - Souda community

Five activities
New species
Feeds
Technological Products
Microalgae
Blue fin Tuna culture