Unit 7: Forestry and Natural Resources

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Unit 7Forestry and Natural Resources

• Mr. Ham
• Introduction to
• AgriScience and
• Technology

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Objective 7.1 Define Natural Resources

• Natural resources are all those things with which
  we come in contact that can be used to perform
  any useful function.

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Examples include

• Mineral
• Energy Sources
• Forest
• Fish and Wildlife
• Water
• Soil

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Objective 7.1aExplain the difference between
non-exhaustible, renewable, and exhaustible
natural resources.

• Non-exhaustible natural resources that can last
  forever regardless of human activity.
• They renew themselves continuously.
• I.e. surface water and air

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Renewable Resources

• Renewable Resources natural resources that can
  be replaced by human efforts.
• I.e. forest, fish and wildlife

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Exhaustible Resources

• Exhaustible Resources natural resources that
  cannot be replaced or reproduced.
• I.e. oil, mineral resources, and soil

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Objective 7.2Explain the importance of soil and
water conservation.

• Both are exhaustible resources
• Both serve as a filter
• Limited quantities of each
• Foundation of life

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Soil Conservation

• Soil Components
• Soil 50
• Water 25
• Air 25

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Sand

• Particle size of .05 to 2.0millimeters.
• Largest soil particle
• Does not hold water well.

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Silt

• Particle size between .002 t0 .05 millimeter.
• Rich in nutrients.

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Clay

• Smallest soil particle.
• Particle size less than .002 millimeter.
• It is electrically charged which gives it
  enormous water holding capacity.

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Organic Matter(Humus)

• Plant and animal remains in various stages of
  decay.
• Excellent source of nutrients
• Aids in soil structure, aeration and water
  holding capacity.
• It is the darker material found in the top soil.

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Physical Properties of Soil

• Soil Texture the portion of sand, silt and clay.
  (How it feels.) Affects the properties of the
  soil.
• Soil Structure how the soil particles are
  arranged. It affects the aeration and water
  holding capacity of the soil.

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• Soil Tilth how loose the soil is and how wet or
  dry it may be. It is important for establishing
  good plant root structures.
• Soil Consistence the general make-up of the
  soil.

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Soil Profile

• Four Horizons
• A Horizon
• Top soil, dark in color, rich in nutrients
• B Horizon
• Subsoil, lighter in color, less nutrients
• C Horizon
• Parent material, nutrient poor, faded or washed
  out color
• R Horizon
• Bedrock

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Soil Water

• Water Table
• Capillary Water
• Water free to move throughout the pores in the
  soil.

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• Hydroscopic Water
• Thin layer of water held around the soil particle
  so tightly that it is unavailable to the plant.
• Gravitational Water
• Water that fills the air pores in the soil. It
  occurs when the soil is saturated and quickly
  percolates out of the soil.

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Erosion Control

• Mulching
• Straw or wood chips used to provided a protective
  layer over the soil.

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No-Till Farming
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TerracingRidges or embankments that slow the
rate of water runoff as it travels down a slope.
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• Strip Cropping
• Plowed crops may be planted in alternating strips
  with crops that dont require plowing.
• The strips slow down the speed of wind and rate
  of water runoff.

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Water Buffer Strips
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Objective 7.3Discuss the importance of forestry.

• Forestry Provides
• Wood Products
• Habitat for Wildlife
• Filtration System for Air and Water
• Reduced Soil Erosion
• Recreation
• Revenue

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List the purposes that a forest serves.

• Protect watershed
• Production of timber
• Provision of wildlife habitat and recreation
• Regulation of stream flow
• Control of erosion
• General aesthetics

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Define timberland

• Timberland forest land capable of producing wood
  in excess of twenty cubic feet per acre.

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Explain the impact the timber industry has on
the U.S.

• There are 490 million acres of timberland in the
  U.S.
• 1.6 million people work in the forestry industry.
• 34 billion in revenue is generated by the
  industry.
• 3.8 billion cubic feet of wood is imported every
  year.

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Explain why the south is such an excellent
producer of timber

• It has a warm climate, abundant rainfall, long
  growing season, and great soils.

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Define pulpwood

• Pulpwood is wood that is cut or prepared for
  manufacturing into pulp, which can be made into
  paper products.

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List and explain the importance of beneficial
influences of trees

• Influence on Climate
• The crowns of the trees hold the moisture in
  because the force of the wind is broken so it
  makes the forest cool in the summer and warm in
  the winter.

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• Control of Runoff
• - Leaves and branches of trees break the impact
  of rain, causing it to drip rather than a strong
  force. Rain is absorbed by ground litter,
  reducing surface runoff.

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• Retention of Snow Melt
• - Forest soil is likely to freeze less deeply,
  it absorbs more water from the melting snow. By
  delaying the melting snow, forests prolong the
  period of runoff.

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• Environment for Fish
• -Forest vegetation that shades water courses
  from the full heat of the sun contributes toward
  the prevention of excessive stream temperatures.

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• Flood prevention and water flow
• -Forested watersheds where management is
  carefully practiced, extremes of water flow in
  winter and summer are avoided, thus aiding in
  flood control.

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• Wildlife Habitat
• -Wildlife uses the trees and forest as food and
  shelter.

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• Prevention of Soil Erosion
• -Water that moves through forested soils, does
  more slowly and stays free of sediments.

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• Reduction of Wind Erosion
• -Trees are used as windbreaks and slows down the
  force of wind.

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• Habitat for Songbirds
• -Forest and rural areas are habitats for
  songbirds. If forest are taken away, the
  population of songbirds will reduce.

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• Removal of Gas Pollutants
• -Sulfur Dioxide is used for metabolism for
  trees. The roots will absorb soil and water
  pollutants through the roots, aiding in the
  cleansing of soil and water.

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• Removal of Particulates
• -Trees catch particles that are in the air. The
  leaves usually hold onto the particles until the
  particles are washed to the ground by a rain.

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• Noise Abatement
• -Trees act as a sound barrier.

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• Temperature difference in city areas
• -Trees block the heat from the sun. The heat
  absorbed in the transpiration process also cools
  the air in the immediate vicinity of the cities.

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• Greenbelts as Moisture Storage Zones
• -Water is diverted from trees into storage
  zones. Trees also pump water from the soil,
  allowing for additional storage.

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• Effect on Property Values
• -Property values are enhanced if trees are
  growing on a city lot or a ranch.

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• Barriers to Reduce Glare and Reflection
• -Trees are being utilized effectively as
  barriers against excessive glare and against
  reflection from high-albedo surfaces, such as
  concrete and glass.

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Objective 7.4 List the major species of wildlife
in Arkansas.

• Deer Turkeys
• Black Bear Elk
• Coyotes Rabbits
• Squirrels
• Catfish Trout
• Bass Strippers
• Bream Carp
• Suckers

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Objective 7.5Discuss recreational use of natural
resources.

• Recreation
• Camping
• Hunting and fishing
• Observing
• Canoeing/boating
• Hiking
• Biking