OVERALL: Great Job on Video Exam

1
OVERALL Great Job on Video Exam

• Median 74 (half of the class scored 71 or
  higher)
• Mean 74 (class average)
• 72 of class scored 70 or higher
• 31 of class scored 80 or higher
• 50 of class improved over October Mid-Term grade
• Those that did not do as well as expectedlets
  get together to see what happenedand move onward
  upward

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Upper Extremities Parts

• Shoulder Girdle
• Shoulder Joint
• Elbow Joint
• Radioulnar Joint
• Wrist Joint

3
Types of Synovial Joints from Basic
Biomechanics by Susan Hall page 121
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Muscle Contribution to Joint

• Stronger Muscles More Joint Stability
• Angles of Pull influence Joint Stability
• Stabilizing Angles lt 90? angle of pull
• Dislocating Angles gt 90? angle of pull

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Shoulder Girdle

• Involved in Reaching/Grasping Motions
• Designed for Mobility
• Unstable joint
• Strength of Muscles VERY important

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Shoulder Joint

• Involved in a wide variety of motions
• Designed for Mobility, Unstable joint
• Rotator Cuff Deltoids small angle pull
• Wheel-Axle Mechanism

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Overarm Throw Pattern

• cocking action extreme lateral rotation
• rapid medial rotation and protraction
• Strengthen Medial Rotators BOTH Concentrically
  and Eccentrically

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Elbow Joint

• Only Flexion and Extension
• Stable joint due to bony structure
• Muscle arrangement stabilizing effect

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How to Strengthen Elbow Extensors

• Elbow Extensions with shoulder flexed figure
  2.5e on page 61
• Shoulder Hyperextensions with elbow extended
  figure 2.5d on page 61

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3 Ways to Strengthen Elbow Flexors

• Elbow flexion from anatomical position
• Elbow flexion with shoulder Hyperextended
• shoulder flexion figure 2.5j on pg 62 ?

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Radioulnar Joint

• Unstable due to weak bony arrangement
• Pronate turn inward medial away from
  anatomical position
• Supinate turn outward lateral back toward
  anatomical position

figure 5.12 left side of picture pronatedpage
185 right side of picture supinated
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Wrist Joint

• MSDs - musculoskeletal disorders
• 1. angle of the work surface
• 2. position requirements of the work
• 3. magnitude direction of applied forces
• 4. Degree of repetition
• CTS - Carpal Tunnel Syndrome
• see Force guidelines per task on page 189

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Hip Joint

• Medial rotation involved in kick, throw strike
• Wheel-Axle - figure 6.5 and 6.6 page 197

A medial B lateral hip rotation
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Hip Joint

• Bending/Stooping increase FA resistive
• to achieve equilibrium, hip extensors must
  provide high Tension/Force hams, back

FIG 9-30 Basic Biomechanics3rd Edition by
Susan J. Hall
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Knee Joint

• Biarticulate Muscles - work knee and hip
• Muscular Imbalances
• 1. Hams - lateral vs. medial lateralis
• 2. Quads - vastus lateralis and medialis
• Positions for potential injury
• 1. Foot fixed while hip/trunk rotates
• 2. Squats FIG 6.11 pg 204
• 3. Whip kick in Breaststroke FIG 6.12 pg 205

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Knee Joint Potential Injury Positions
page 205
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Knee Joint Potential Injury Positions
turning the bodywhile foot is fixed
FIG 6.8 page 200
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Knee Joint Potential Injury Positions
Deep Squatchanging axis of rotationfrom knee
jointtocalf/thigh area
FIG 6.11 page 204
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Knee Joint Potential Injury Positionsrehabilita
tion of knee injuries
page 260 studies on ACL stress, shear forces,
petellofemoral contact