Fish Nutrition

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Fish Nutrition
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Definitions

• Amino Acid
• A building block for proteins an organic acid
  containing one or more amino groups (-NH2) and at
  least on carboxylic acid group (-COOH)
• Protein
• naturally occurring complex combinations of amino
  acids that contain the elements carbon, hydrogen,
  nitrogen, and several other elements
• Lipid
• Fats

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Definition

• Vitamin
• An organic compound occurring in minute amounts
  in foods and essential for numerous metabolic
  reactions
• Fatty Acid
• organic acid present in lipids, varying in carbon
  content from 2 to 34 atoms

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Digestive System Components

• Mouth
• Pharynx
• esophagus
• stomach
• pylorus
• intestine
• liver
• gallbladder

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Feeding Classifications

• Carnivores
• Herbivores
• Omnivores

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Feeding Classificationsbased on feeding habits

• Predator - trout
• Grazer - Mullet
• Strainer - Menhaden, bighead
• Suckers - Buffalofish, carp
• Parasites- lamprey

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Energy in Feed

• released during the breakdown of carbohydrates,
  amino acids and fats
• Fish cold blooded

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Factors Effecting Energy Use

• Age
• Composition of the diet
• Light exposure
• Physiological activity
• Size
• Species
• Water temperature

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Energy Losses
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What is a Carbohydrate

• Any of the various neutral compounds of carbon,
  hydrogen, and oxygen, such as sugars, starches
  and celluloses.
• Most of these carbohydrates can be used as an
  energy source for animals

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Carbohydrate Structure
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Essential Fatty AcidsWhy are they important?

• Required for normal growth and development
• Cannot be synthesized by the body
• Function as part of the cell membrane
• Precursor for other biochemicals
• ie.linolenic acid, linoleic and docosahexaenoic
  acid (DHA)

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Fatty Acid
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Fatty Acids

• Too Little
• skin lesions, heart problems, reduced growth
  rate, reduced feed efficiency, poor reproductive
  performance, increased mortality
• Too Much
• imbalance of digestible energy to crude protein
  ration
• excessive deposition of fat in the body cavity
  tissues

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Proteins

• Provide energy
• Supply amino acids
• meet requirements for functional proteins -
  enzymes, hormones and structural proteins

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Essential Amino Acids

• Histidine
• Isoleucine
• Leucine
• Lysine
• Threonine

• Arginine
• Phenylalanine
• Methionine
• Trypophan
• Valine

HILL TAP MTV
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Amino Acids
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Protein and Fish

• Protein requirements higher than warm-blooded
  animals
• Requirement declines with age
• Animal proteins are generally better but cost
  more
• Combination of proteins more effective than
  single source

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Protein Requirements
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Protein Deficiancy

• Reduction in weight gain
• Cataracts in salmonids
• curved spines
• Disruption of the metabolism of minerals

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Vitamins

• Water Soluble
• Vitamin C
• Thiamine
• Riboflavin
• Pyridoxine (B6)
• Panothenic
• Niacin
• Biotin
• Folate
• Vitamin B12
• Choline and Myoinositol

• Fat Soluble
• Vitamin A
• Vitamin D
• Vitamin E
• Vitamin K

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Vitamin Functions

• Vit. C - formation of connective tissue, bone
  matrix, and wound repairs. Iron absorption
• Vit. A - sight, growth, repro,resist infection
  and maintain body coverings
• Vit. D - helps the body work with calcium

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Vitamin C Deficiency
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