Title: JERUSALEM ARTICHOKE Helianthus tuberosus FLOUR AS A PARTIAL STARCH REPLACEMENT FOR GROWING BEEF STEE
1JERUSALEM ARTICHOKE (Helianthus tuberosus) FLOUR
AS A PARTIAL STARCH REPLACEMENT FOR GROWING BEEF
STEERS T. C. Bramble1, G. V. Pollard1, K. F.
Wilson1, B. S. Clyburn1, A. Gueye1, M. A.
Johnson1, J. M. Abdelrahim1, C. R.
Richardson1, and J. M. Mjolsness2 1Texas Tech
University, Lubbock, 2Premium Sweetner Products,
Glyndon, MN
DIETARY COMPOSITION
Artichoke Flour Ingredient 0 10 15
20 ----------------------
DM----------------- Steam-flaked
corn 77.97 66.67 61.23 55.75 Artichoke
flour ------ 10.00 15.00 20.00 Cottonseed
hulls 10.00 10.00 10.00 10.00 Soy protein
isolate 1.90 3.20 3.64 4.12 Molasses,
cane 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 Corn oil
2.00 2.00 2.00 2.00 Urea 1.25
1.25 1.25 1.25 Calcium carbonate 1.25
1.25 1.25 1.25 Dicalcium phosphate 0.10
0.10 0.10 0.10 Sodium chloride 0.70
0.70 0.70 0.70 Potassium chloride 0.13
0.13 0.13 0.13 Ammonium chloride 0.30
0.30 0.30 0.30 Trace mineral premixa 0.25
0.25 0.25 0.25 Vitamin premixb 0.25
0.25 0.25 0.25 Rumensin/Tylan premixc0.90
0.90 0.90 0.90 aFormulated to contain 2801
ppm of I, 9259 ppm of Mn, 8426 ppm of Zn, 1984
ppm of Cu, 51 ppm of Co and 1840 ppm/kg of
Fe. bFormulated to contain 136,116 IU of Vit. A,
50,000 IU of Vit. D and 800 IU of Vit.
E. cFormulated to contain 360 mg
Monensin/head/day abd 90 mg Tylan/head/day.
- INTRODUCTION
- Jerusalem artichoke (Helianthus tuberosus) flour
rich in fructooligosaccharides (FOS) has been
reported to bring about several metabolic and
physiological changes in pigs and chickens
including improvements in feed efficiency,
reduced diarrhea, and reduced smell in feces,
that have been attributed to a change in the
make-up of the intestinal microflora population
(Modler et al., 1993). Feedlot diets in the
Southern High Plains are typically based on
steam-flaked grain as the primary energy source
protein supplement from a combination of
preformed protein, such as cottonseed meal plus
urea minimal roughage mineral and vitamin
premixes and an ionophore. Recent research has
examined the use of Jeruslaem artichoke flour as
a replacement for grain in the diets of weanling
pigs and chickens (Farnworth et al., 1992 and
1993). However, no data are available on the use
of Jerusalem artichoke flour as a partial starch
replacement in ruminant diets, specifically
growing beef steers. - OBJECTIVE
- The primary objective of this research was to
determine the effects of Jerusalem artichoke
flour included in a grain based diet at levels of
0, 10, 15, and 20 on digestibility of dry matter
and crude protein, and on nitrogen metabolism by
growing beef steers.
- MATERIALS AND METHODS
- Four treatments
- A) 0 artichoke flour (control)
- B) 10 artichoke flour
- C) 15 artichoke flour
- D) 20 artichoke flour
- Four English crossbred steers averaging 239 kg
were utilized in a 4 x 4 Latin square design. - The control diet, 90 concentrate, contained no
artichoke flour and was formulated
to meet or exceed (1996 NRC) beef cattle
requirements. - Soy protein isolate was varied across the four
dietary treatments to make the diets
isonitrogenous. - Each of the four collection periods consisted
of a 10-d adjustment to the diet, followed by a
5-d collection of total urine, and fecal
excretion.
- CONCLUSIONS
- Inclusion of artichoke flour, high in FOS, into
growing beef steer diets as a partial starch
replacement for steam-flaked corn does not (P gt
.05) alter apparent crude protein
digestibility, apparent dry matter
digestibility, nitrogen retention, or fecal
excretion. - These data suggest that artichoke flour high in
FOS, may be a viable feed ingredient for
feedlot cattle diets. - LITERATURE CITED
- Farnworth et al., 1992. Feeding Jerusalem
artichoke flour rich in fructooligosaccharides to
weanling pigs. Can. J. Anim. Sci. - Farnworth et al., 1993. The use of Jerusalem
artichoke flour in pig and chicken diets. Studies
in Plant Sci. - Modler, H.W. et al., 1993. Observations on
long-term storage and processing of Jerusalem
artichoke tubers (Helianthus tuberosus). Food
Chem.