JERUSALEM ARTICHOKE Helianthus tuberosus FLOUR AS A PARTIAL STARCH REPLACEMENT FOR GROWING BEEF STEE

1
JERUSALEM ARTICHOKE (Helianthus tuberosus) FLOUR
AS A PARTIAL STARCH REPLACEMENT FOR GROWING BEEF
STEERS T. C. Bramble1, G. V. Pollard1, K. F.
Wilson1, B. S. Clyburn1, A. Gueye1, M. A.
Johnson1, J. M. Abdelrahim1, C. R.
Richardson1, and J. M. Mjolsness2 1Texas Tech
University, Lubbock, 2Premium Sweetner Products,
Glyndon, MN
DIETARY COMPOSITION
Artichoke Flour Ingredient 0 10 15
20 ----------------------
DM----------------- Steam-flaked
corn 77.97 66.67 61.23 55.75 Artichoke
flour ------ 10.00 15.00 20.00 Cottonseed
hulls 10.00 10.00 10.00 10.00 Soy protein
isolate 1.90 3.20 3.64 4.12 Molasses,
cane 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 Corn oil
2.00 2.00 2.00 2.00 Urea 1.25
1.25 1.25 1.25 Calcium carbonate 1.25
1.25 1.25 1.25 Dicalcium phosphate 0.10
0.10 0.10 0.10 Sodium chloride 0.70
0.70 0.70 0.70 Potassium chloride 0.13
0.13 0.13 0.13 Ammonium chloride 0.30
0.30 0.30 0.30 Trace mineral premixa 0.25
0.25 0.25 0.25 Vitamin premixb 0.25
0.25 0.25 0.25 Rumensin/Tylan premixc0.90
0.90 0.90 0.90 aFormulated to contain 2801
ppm of I, 9259 ppm of Mn, 8426 ppm of Zn, 1984
ppm of Cu, 51 ppm of Co and 1840 ppm/kg of
Fe. bFormulated to contain 136,116 IU of Vit. A,
50,000 IU of Vit. D and 800 IU of Vit.
E. cFormulated to contain 360 mg
Monensin/head/day abd 90 mg Tylan/head/day.

• INTRODUCTION
• Jerusalem artichoke (Helianthus tuberosus) flour
  rich in fructooligosaccharides (FOS) has been
  reported to bring about several metabolic and
  physiological changes in pigs and chickens
  including improvements in feed efficiency,
  reduced diarrhea, and reduced smell in feces,
  that have been attributed to a change in the
  make-up of the intestinal microflora population
  (Modler et al., 1993). Feedlot diets in the
  Southern High Plains are typically based on
  steam-flaked grain as the primary energy source
  protein supplement from a combination of
  preformed protein, such as cottonseed meal plus
  urea minimal roughage mineral and vitamin
  premixes and an ionophore. Recent research has
  examined the use of Jeruslaem artichoke flour as
  a replacement for grain in the diets of weanling
  pigs and chickens (Farnworth et al., 1992 and
  1993). However, no data are available on the use
  of Jerusalem artichoke flour as a partial starch
  replacement in ruminant diets, specifically
  growing beef steers.
• OBJECTIVE
• The primary objective of this research was to
  determine the effects of Jerusalem artichoke
  flour included in a grain based diet at levels of
  0, 10, 15, and 20 on digestibility of dry matter
  and crude protein, and on nitrogen metabolism by
  growing beef steers.

• MATERIALS AND METHODS
• Four treatments
• A) 0 artichoke flour (control)
• B) 10 artichoke flour
• C) 15 artichoke flour
• D) 20 artichoke flour
• Four English crossbred steers averaging 239 kg
  were utilized in a 4 x 4 Latin square design.
• The control diet, 90 concentrate, contained no
  artichoke flour and was formulated
  to meet or exceed (1996 NRC) beef cattle
  requirements.
• Soy protein isolate was varied across the four
  dietary treatments to make the diets
  isonitrogenous.
• Each of the four collection periods consisted
  of a 10-d adjustment to the diet, followed by a
  5-d collection of total urine, and fecal
  excretion.

• CONCLUSIONS
• Inclusion of artichoke flour, high in FOS, into
  growing beef steer diets as a partial starch
  replacement for steam-flaked corn does not (P gt
  .05) alter apparent crude protein
  digestibility, apparent dry matter
  digestibility, nitrogen retention, or fecal
  excretion.
• These data suggest that artichoke flour high in
  FOS, may be a viable feed ingredient for
  feedlot cattle diets.
• LITERATURE CITED
• Farnworth et al., 1992. Feeding Jerusalem
  artichoke flour rich in fructooligosaccharides to
  weanling pigs. Can. J. Anim. Sci.
• Farnworth et al., 1993. The use of Jerusalem
  artichoke flour in pig and chicken diets. Studies
  in Plant Sci.
• Modler, H.W. et al., 1993. Observations on
  long-term storage and processing of Jerusalem
  artichoke tubers (Helianthus tuberosus). Food
  Chem.