PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT

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PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT
csepp multi-hazard medical curriculum
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RULE NUMBER ONE
PROTECT
YOURSELF
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Objective

• Demonstrate familiarity with the different types
  of personal protective equipment (PPE) and
  detectors used in the pre-hospital setting
• Discuss the limitations of PPE, and the process
  of qualifying potential wearers
• Discuss evaluation processes that will determine
  proper levels of protection at a given incident
• Discuss the application of detection equipment in
  the role of certifying patients clean

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Personal Protective Equipment
IMAGES KY CSEPP
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Who Needs PPE And Training

• Emergency response personnel (e.g., police,
  EMT/paramedic, firefighters, and other medical
  personnel)
• Hospitals
• All persons who anticipate being active in
  potentially hazardous materials environment as
  part of emergency response plan
• Personnel performing decontamination

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Types Of Respirators

• Air-Purifying (APR)
• Non-Powered
• Powered
• Atmosphere-Supplying
• Self-Contained Breathing
  Apparatuses
• Air Line Respirators

IMAGES EPA, CDC, SAIC, USN
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Air-purifying Respirator (APR)

• Definition
• A device in which ambient air is passed through a
  filter element to remove vaporous or particulate
  contaminants.
• Air flow across the filter may be generated by
  negative pressure (inhalation) or positive flow
  (blower from a powered air-purifying device).

IMAGES DOD. SAIC
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Powered Air-Purifying Respirator (PAPR)

• Battery-operated blower delivers filtered air at
  slight positive pressure into full facepiece
• If seal is broken, air will flow from inside
  facepiece to outside air
• Draws ambient air through filters or chemical
  cartridges which remove specific contaminants and
  deliver subsequent air through corrugated
  breathing tube into facepiece assembly on face of
  wearer
• Air flow also provides wearer comfort

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PAPR Components

• PAPR consists of
• Full facepiece or hood (with spectacle kit and
  protective/corrective lenses if necessary)
• Blower unit
• Battery pack (batteries must be kept fully
  charged when in storage)
• Breathing tube assembly
• Appropriate filter media

IMAGE SAIC
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Powered Air-Purifying Respirator (PAPR)
IMAGE FBI
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CFM Air-Flow Meter
6 CFM
4 CFM
IMAGE J. Cody
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Air-Purifying Respirators

• Disadvantages
• Not for use in oxygen-deficient atmospheres
• Not for use with chemicals that do not have
  warning properties
• Not for immediately dangerous to life and health
  (IDLH) atmospheres
• Limited canister/filter capacity
• Increased airway resistance/dead space (only for
  non-powered pressure devices)

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Atmosphere-Supplied Respirators

• Types
• Self-Contained Breathing Apparatus (SCBA)
• Open-circuit
• Closed-circuit
• Supplied Air Respirator (SAR)
• Air Line respirators

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SCBAs

• Definition
• A device in which respirable air is carried by
  the wearer in backpacks or tanks. SCBAs utilized
  by protective services are primarily open-circuit.

IMAGE USAF
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Open-Circuit SCBA
IMAGE USAF
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Open-Circuit SCBAs (contd)

• Advantages
• Operation in IDLH environments for short periods
  (lt 1 hr)
• Ease of inspiration in positive pressure mode
• No mobility restriction from hoses
• No exothermic heat production

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Open-Circuit SCBAs (contd)

• Disadvantages
• Bulk and weight (30-40 lbs)
• Increased end-expiratory airway resistance
• Limited air supply (30- to 60-minute tanks)

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Dermal Protective Ensembles

• Classification systems
• OSHA (29 CFR 1910.120)/ ARMY (AR 385-61)
• Requirements
• 29 CFR 1910.120 - Hazardous Waste Operations and
  Emergency Response
• Recommends levels of protection, pre- and
  post-entry screening
• Hospital personnel should also refer to Best
  Practices for Hospital-based First Receivers
• 29 CFR 1910.134 - Respiratory Protection Program
• All OSHA standards have been adopted by the EPA

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OSHA Level A
IMAGE USCG
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OSHA Level B
IMAGE CDC
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OSHA Level C
IMAGE SAIC
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OSHA Level D
IMAGE USAF
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CSEPP Level C Suit

• Use non-stockpile operations
• Remediation, chemical handling, and cleanup
• Polypropylene with multi-layer film composite
• Strapped seams
• One-piece coverall with or without sock-boots
• Gloves are separate

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CSEPP Level C Suit (with butyl hood)
Front
Back
IMAGES J. Cody
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Gloves

• Outer glove for protection and inner glove
• Outer gloves impermeable, butyl rubber
• Protect against liquid chemical agents and vapor
  hazards
• If become contaminated, replace immediately

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Gloves (contd)

• 7 millimeter thickness gloves (7 mil)
• Triage personnel, decon personnel
• 7 mil protects 6 hours
• Should be replaced as soon as possible after
  direct liquid exposure
• 14 millimeter thickness gloves (14 mil)
• Decon personnel
• 14 mil protects 24 hours
• Should be replaced as soon as possible after
  direct liquid exposure

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7 mil Gloves With Inserts
IMAGE CSEPP/ORNL
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Hood

• Prevents airborne agents from contaminating the
  head and neck
• Designed to attach to face pieces of respirators
• Material is butyl covered cloth
• Designed for use with respirators

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Facemask With Hood
IMAGE CSEPP/ORNL
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Black/Green Vinyl Overshoes (BVO or GVO) or
HAZMAT Boots

• Plain black (BVO) or green vinyl overshoe (GVO)
  with elastic fasteners
• Protects feet from contamination by all known
  agents for up to 12 hours

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Black Vinyl Overshoes (BVO)
IMAGE CSEPP/ORNL
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Heat Stress Factors

• PPE restricts heat loss mechanisms because of
  high insulation and low permeability to vapors
  and liquids

IMAGES DOD, NASA
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Heat Stress Factors (contd)

• Amount of heat accumulation depends upon
• Amount of physical activity
• Level of hydration
• Clothing worn
• Load carried
• State of heat acclimatization
• Physical fitness and fatigue
• Terrain and climatic conditions
• Altitude

IMAGES DOD
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Clothing-limited Stay Times

• 50-70ºF Wet Bulb/Globe Temperature (WBGT)
• Work 30-45 minutes
• Followed by 10-15 minutes rest
• 70-80ºF WBGT
• Work 20-30 minutes
• Followed by 40-60 minutes rest
• 85-100ºF WBGT
• Work 15-20 minutes
• Followed by indefinite rest
• NOTE Ice/cooling vests extend stay times.

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Clothing-limited Stay Times

• 50-70ºF Wet Bulb/Globe Temperature (WBGT)
• Work 30-45 minutes
• Followed by 10-15 minutes rest
• 70-80ºF WBGT
• Work 20-30 minutes
• Followed by 40-60 minutes rest
• 85-100ºF WBGT
• Work 15-20 minutes
• Followed by indefinite rest

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Questions
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