Monitoring activities of running waters in Sweden

1
Monitoring activities of running waters in Sweden

• Leonard Sandin
• Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences
• Uppsala, Sweden

2
Outline

• Sampling methods macroinvertebrates
• Taxonomic resolution
• Classification system
• Reference site selection/criteria
• Monitoring program
• Supporting information

3
Macroinvertebrate samplingmethod

• Standardized kick-sampling
• SSEN 27828
• 1 m 1 min and 5 samples
• Preferably hard-bottom
• 0,5 mm mesh
• Autumn sampling
• Sorting 2 h then subsampling (in the national
  surveys)

4
Taxonomic resolution

• Predetermined taxa list (500)
• Expert group decided on the list
• Based on
• Relatively easy to determine
• Gives extra ecological information
• Part of indices/metrics

5
Ecological quality criteria

• New system will be adopted from 2007 (in revision
  at the moment)
• Includes three metrics/indices
• ASPT Ecological quality
• DJ index Eutrophication
• MISA index Acidification/Acidity
• Should be sampled at least once in the autumn
  each year

6
TypesEcoregions

• 20 Borealic uplands

7
Ecoregions
22 Fennoscandian shield
8
Ecoregions

• 14 Central plains

9
ASPT DJ index

• ASPT
• Armitage et al. 1983
• Family level index
• Scoring system (1-10) for each family
• Divided by no of scoring families
• DJ index
• Dahl Johnson 2005
• Multimetric index for eutrophication
• Five different parts
• No of EPT taxa, relative abundance of Crustacea,
  rel. abund. EPT taxa, ASPT, and Saprobix index
  (Zelinka Marvan 1961)
• Each index scores 1-3
• Sum from 5 (lowest/worst) to 15 (highest/best
  quality)

10
DJ index
The DJ index has to be re-scaled by Taking
(reference value 5) / (index value -5)
11
MISA index

• Johnson Goedkoop 2005
• Multimetric index
• Includes six parts/indices
• No of families, no of taxa of Gastropoda, no of
  taxa of Ephemeroptera, the ratio of the relative
  abundance of Ephemeroptera and Plecoptera, the
  AWIC index Dawy-Bowker et al 2005 relative
  abundance of shredders
• Each index is normalised to be between 0-10
• Rescaling MISA 10 x sum indexnorm / 6
• Final score between 0-100

12
Normalising the MISA index
13
Reference values

• Ecoregion 14
• ASPT 5.37
• DJ index 10
• MISA 47.5
• Ecoregion 22
• ASPT 6.53
• DJ index 14
• MISA 47.5
• Ecoregion 20
• ASPT 6.67
• DJ index 14
• MISA 47.5

14
EQR values - example
15
Final ecological quality

• One-out-all-out among the three indices/metrics

16
Calculating the indices

• www.aqem.de
• ASTERICS software

17
Reference filter
18
National monitoring program

• Three levels
• National surveys
• Trend stations
• ?????????

19
National surveys

• Lake inventories since 1972
• Biology first time 1995
• Repeated 2000
• Benthic macroinvertebrates
• 700 streams and 700 lakes
• 2005 only lake chemistry again

20
Sampling strategy

• Streams stratified by catchment area
• 350 with areas 15-50 km2
• 350 with areas 50-250 km2
• Randomly selected point
• Sampling 100-600 m upstream

21
Sampling sites/streamsNational survey
22
Changing sampling sites?

• 606 sites included in analysis
• 1995 county of Västernorrland removed
• Site suitability assessed based on substratum
• Blocks gt 200 mm or Sand and silt lt 2 mm
• Samples could be moved further upstream

23
Weather

• Autumn 2000 among the wettest during the 20th
  century
• Yearly precipitation at most 160 170 of
  normal
• Air temperature 1.6 to 2.1 C above normal
• Water temperature 3 C above normal in streams
• 1995 precipitation and temperature near normal

Runoff (l/km2, s)
From Wilander et al. 2003
24
Weather

• Main problem in
• south-west 2000

1995
2000

• Rölanda å
• County of
• Västra Götaland

25
Trend stations

• 69 streams
• Across Sweden
• Water chemistry (all)
• Metals (30 stations)
• Macroinvertebrates and phytobenthos (48 stations)
• Electrofishing (28 stations all with bf
  sampling)
• Macroinvertebrates and metals (16 stations)

26
Trend stations

• 40 sites with catchment area lt 300 km2
• 6 further sites catchment area lt 1000 km2
• 1 site with catchment area 1260 km2
• 1 site with catchment area 19825 km2 (Ljusnan)
• Reasons
• Existing long time series
• NATURA 2000 sites
• Trout, Pearl mussels, Salmon, European crayfish
• Large amount of existing catchment info available
• Used for earlier international reporting

27
Trend stations
28
Liming references

• 19 streams
• Water chemistry
• Metals
• Phytobenthos
• Benthic macroinvertebrates
• Fish

29
Physical parameters

• Standardised field protocol
• Sampling site information
• In stream vegetation
• Substratum
• Riparian zone 0-5 meter perpendicular to the
  stream
• Near stream zone 0-30 meter perpendicular to the
  stream

30
Sampling site information

• Site name
• Width (sampling site) and length (Sampling site)
• Stream width
• Water level (normal/low/high)
• Water depth (mean for site and maximum)
• Velocity (0 0 m/s, 1 lt 0.2 m/s, 2 0.2-0.7
  m/s, 3 gt 0.7 m/s)
• Turbidity (clear, turbid, very turbid)
• Water colour (clear, coloured, very coloured)
• Water temperature

31
Substratum/ in stream vegetation

• Classification 0 absent, 1 lt 5 cover, 2 5-50
  cover, 3 gt 50 cover
• Substratum 11 classes from fine sediment (lt 0.06
  mm) to rock (gt 2000 mm)
• In stream vegetation 6 vegetation types
• Above water vegetation, long shoot vegetation,
  floating leaved, rosette vegetation, mosses,
  benthic algae
• Organic material
• Fine detritus, coarse detritus, fine dead wood,
  coarse dead wood

32
Riparian zone

• Same cover classes
• Trees
• Bushes
• Grasses
• Other vegetation types (specify)
• Others (stone, agricultural land, without
  vegetation etc)
• Shadow (cover as above)

33
Near stream zone

• Same cover classes
• 13 land-use classes (e.g.)
• Deciduous forest
• Coniferous forest
• Wetlands
• Agricultural land
• Grassland
• Heath
• Artificial land

34
Water chemistry parameters

• pH, alkalinity
• Conductivity
• Ca, Mg, Na, K
• SO4, Cl, F, Si
• NH4-N, NO2NO3, Total N, Total P
• Absorbance
• TOC