Winter Barley: Return to the Wild

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Winter Barley Return to the Wild CIHEAM
International Masters in Plant Breeding May 4,
2009 Lecture 2
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Ancestral state 2-row winter hulled
Hordeum vulgare subsp. spontaneum
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Why return to (SOME ASPECTS) of the ancestral
state?
Diversify growth habit (return to winter annual)
Deal with climate change (more variability)
Increase genetic diversity (reduce vulnerability)
Produce more healthy food
Produce more great beer
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Winter vs. Spring
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Winter vs. spring

• Winter cereals
• Better water use efficiency
• Higher yield
• Rotational advantages

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Whats the downside of winter barley? All the
usual breeding challenges - plus winter hardiness
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Cereal Winter Hardiness
Vernalization
Low Temperature Tolerance
Photoperiod
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QTLs
Fr2
Fr1
Dicktoo/Morex
T. monococcum
Nure/Tremois
CBFs
Vrn-H1
Genes
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VRN-H2 Repression of VRN-H1
ZCCT-H (VRN-H2)
HvBM5A (VRN-H1)
V2
mRNA
V2
- VRN
Intron1
Winter
V2
mRNA
Flower
VRN
Intron1
mRNA
Flower
-/ VRN
Facultative
Intron1
V2
mRNA
Flower
Spring
-/ VRN
or
Intron1(?)
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Seasonal control of flowering time in temperate
cereals
RESET
VRN2 represses FT1
Increasing daylength induces FT1 Floral
development decreased frost tolerance
Cold induces VRN1
Ben Trevaskis. CSIRO, Division of Plant Industry
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Schematic representation of VRN-H1 intron 1 types
Oregon Wolfe Barley
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Dr. Bob Wolfe
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Spring Spring ? Vernalization?
Dicktoo (v2v2/v1v1) OWB-D (V2V2/V1V1)
Recover vernalization-requiring progeny?
V2_/v1v1
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Dicktoo (v2v2v1v1) x OWB-D (V2V2V1V1)
V2_v1v1

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Vernalization sensitive phenotype
OWB-D
Dicktoo
F1
F2
F2
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Is vernalization required for maximum cold
tolerance?
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Malting quality of Oregon and Nebraska germplasm
used as parents of the OrNe doubled haploid and
BC-MAS populations
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Growth Habit
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Photoperiod sensitivity is a better bet than
vernalization sensitivity
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• Facultative growth habit COULD be the best of all
  worlds
• - IF vernalization sensitivity is NOT necessary
  for
• maximum LTT
• Accelerated breeding
• Wider adaptation
• Production flexibility

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Beer
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Six-row winter malting barley

• OR76 vs. Strider
• Raised
• Malt extract by 3
• diastatic power by 49
• alpha amylase by 30
• Reduced
• wort ß-glucan by 70

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Winter Malting Barley

• New places and timing for barley

Winter
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Better barley means better beer ?
The logistics of malting barley variety release
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• Winter (Malting) Barley Target Loci

PPD-H1
VRN3
PPD-H2
FR2
VRN2
FR1/VRN1
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• (Winter) Malting Barley Target Loci

Hordeins
Cxp3
Bmy2
LD
Ltp1
Glb1
Amy2
Bmy1
Amy1
Isa1
Glb31
Glb3,4,32-37
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Molecular breeding - MAS
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Linkage disequilibrium and association mapping
Target gene
Target gene

LD
Physical Distance
LD dissipates slowly
LD dissipates quickly
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Barley Coordinated Agricultural Project (CAP)
Leveraging Genomics, Genetics, and Breeding for
Gene Discovery and Barley Improvement
www.barleycap.org
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http//www.barleycap.org
The overall theme of the barley CAP is to
integrate and utilize state-of-the-art genomic
tools and approaches in plant breeding programs
..
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Multi-institutional project (19 institutions, 30
scientists)
UTAH David Hole
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Objectives

• Objective 1. High-throughput marker development
• -Develop an integrated 3,000 SNP-based
  genetic/physical/expression map
• Objective 2. Worldwide web access
• -Develop integrated web portal and database (The
  Hordeum Toolbox) for efficient access to map,
  gene expression and trait data
• Objective 3. Genes and traits
• -Access economically important genes using
  association genetics and diverse breeding
  germplasm
• Objective 4. Superior germplasm
• -Develop elite barley germplasm using
  high-throughput, marker-assisted selection

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Spring 6-row
Spring 2-row
Winter 6-row
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Allele combinations at five loci in the CAP Core
(102 accessions)
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CAP I
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CAP II
CAP III
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1H
2H
3H
4H
5H
6H
7H
-Log(P)?
Distance (cM)?
Fort Collins
Martonvasar
Pendleton
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5H
Fr-H1
Fr-H2
-Log(P)?
Distance (cM)?
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PPD-H1
VRN-H3
CBF
PPD-H2
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Flt-2L
VRN-H2
VRN-H1
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Graphical haplotypes of Oregon (OR) and Nebraska
(NB) germplasm for the Fr-H1 and Fr-H2 regions on
chromosome 5H based on 3,072 Barley OPA Illumina
SNPs
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The OrNe germplasm OR71 OR72 OR76 NB018199 NB998
81 NB03435 NB03437 BC1, SSD, DH
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Thank you