Ancient Greece

1
Ancient Greece

• A
• 6th Grade
• Study Guide

2
Greek Geography

• Mediterranean Climate
• Hot, dry summers
• Cool, wet winters
• Small farms independent shepherds
• Greece is surrounded by hills mountains
• Olives, grapes, and citrus fruit
• Mt. Olympus is the highest mountain in Greece

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Greek Peninsula

• Short, shallow rivers
• Greek civilization grew along the coast.
• Greece is called the Balkan Peninsula
• Southern Greece is called the Peloponnesus
• Greece includes several islands
• Crete, Rhodes, Cyprus,and many others

4
The Seas

• Aegean Sea to the East
• Mediterranean Sea to the South
• Ionian Sea to the West
• Greece was a maritime nation
• The seas were used for transportation, food, and
  shipping
• The Greeks were good navigators colonizers

5
Ancient Greece

• volcano - Opening in the earth with lava ash.
• fortress - An enclosed protected place.
• epic - A long narrative poem about great heroes.

6
Development of Ancient Greece

• Minoan
• Named after King Minos
• Developed on Crete
• 1450 B.C.
• Destroyed by tidal wave
• Palaces, shops, theaters, farming and sea trade
• Athletic
• Baths, sewers, and plumbing

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Development of Ancient Greece

• Mycenea
• 1150 B.C.
• Central and Southern Greece
• Mycenea was a walled city .
• Originally from Asia
• Developed around 1150 B.C.
• Homer tells of Trojan war in Iliad Odyssey in a
  long epic or narrative poem

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Development of Ancient Greece

• Tells of Odysseus a Greek Hero.
• Trojan horse
• Helen of Sparta was stolen by Paris of Troy

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The Golden Age

• Many gods
• Mythology
• Zeus, Hera, Hermes, Artemis, Demeter, Dionysis,
  Apollo, Athena
• Lived on Mt. Olympus
• The gods mingled with people
• Temples were homes for the gods.
• Sacrifices, prayers, plays, athletic contests

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The Golden Age

• Greek Literature
• Aesops fables-The Fox and the Grapes
• Historians-Herodotus Father of History
• Thucydides Accurate and fair
• The Greeks had amphitheaters or open air theaters
• Tragedies dramas with a sad ending
• Comediesmade fun of human faults

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The Golden Age

• Greek architecture
• Greeks loved beauty
• Greeks built the parthenon
• Parthenon contained the statue of Athena. It was
  38 feet tall.
• Temple of Artemis Mausoleum of Halicarnarssus,
  Statue of Zeus, Colossus of Rhodes, Lighthouse
  of Alexandria

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The Golden Age

• Greeks loved Wisdom Learning
• Greeks invented philosophy
• Greeks believed the universe was orderly
• Modern science is based on Greek philosophy
• Socratesquestion everything
• Plato believe in the ideal, the perfect.
• AristotleStudy everything

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The Golden Age

• Greeks Loved Sports
• All Greek cities had their own games
• Speeches, poetry, music,
• Olympic games
• Held every 4 years
• Held in honor of Zeus
• 776 B.C. was the first
• Continued for 1200 years
• Held in summer

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The Golden Age

• Greeks loved Wisdom Learning
• Pentathalonrunning, jumping, wrestling, discus,
  javelin
• Had to win at least 3 events to win
• 4 years Olympiad
• Wars were stopped during these events.

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Greek Politics War

• Acropolis
• Democracy
• Civil war
• Jury
• Greek cities were developed around an acropolis
  or high place for protection
• Greek cities were city-states and were like small
  countries

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Greek Politics War

• Each city-state had a marketplace
• It was surrounded by shops and buildings
• People went there to buy, sell and talk.
• Greek city states were ruled at first by kings
• Eventually the upper-class had control.
• Democracy a form of government where the people
  rule through free elections and representation.

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Greek Politics War

• Each city-state had an assembly of all the
  people.
• Athens
• Women could not vote
• Rich had more power
• Poor farmers could lose their land
• Half the population were slaves and could not
  vote.

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Greek Politics War

• Athens
• 594 B.C. Athens gave power to one ruler.
• Solon the father of Athenian democracy
• He canceled the debts of poor farmers
• He freed Athenian citizens who were slaves.
• He gave the assembly more power.

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Greek Politics War

• Pericles
• 500 B.C. Pericles came to power.
• Believed in 4 principles
• Rule by majority
• Equality before the law
• Personal freedom
• Use ability not social status to get ahead.
• He started juries made of common people

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Greek Politics War

• Sparta
• Military like
• Boys 7 years old sent to military school
• Learned to take hunger and pain
• Learned to lie, cheat, and steal
• Men lived in barracks until 30.
• Married after 30
• They had to marry and have children

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Greek Politics War

• Sparta
• Babies who were weak, deformed or sick were
  killed.

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Greek Politics War

• Greek-Persian Wars
• Greatest enemies were Persians (Asia)
• darius I Persian leader
• Greeks beat him at Marathon 490 B.C.
• Remember Phidipides?
• Xerxes (Darius son) invades Greece in 484 B.C.
• Builds boat bridge
• Athenians beat him at Salamis in 480 B.C.

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Alexander the Great

• Greek Civil War
• 431 B.C. to 404 B.C.
• Spartans fight Athenians
• Sparta wins but the rest of Greece dont like
  their rule.
• Macedonia(Northern Greece)
• Farmers and shepherds
• King Phillip II rules 359 B.C. to 336 B.C.

24
Alexander the Great

• Alexander was Phillips son
• King at 20 years old
• Attacks Asia minor in 334 B.C.
• In less than 10 years conquers all of Persia
• Conquers Egypt
• His empire covered 2 million square miles
• He died at age 33 in 323 B.C.

25
Alexander the Great

• After Alexander died his 3 generals tried to rule
  it all.It finally fell apart.