to the

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Introduction to the Internet
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What is the Internet? In essence, the Internet
is an international network of computers all
connected together. Once connected, you can
browse through all the computer files on the
Internet and add your own files. Unlike
commercial services such as America Online, the
Internet is not privately owned and there's no
central control.
The resulting system is either wonderfully free
or dangerously anarchical, depending on your
point of view.
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Overview

• World Wide Web (WWW)
• Usenet Groups/Newsgroups
• Telnet
• Ftp / Archie
• WAIS and Gopher
• Electronic Mail
• How to write Worldwide Web Pages (HTML)

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World Wide Web
The online collection of documents that are
interconnected by hyperlinks, forming a virtual
web that spans the Internet.
WWW Background Information
http//www.ncsa.uiuc.edu/SDG/Software/Mosaic/Docs/
www-info.html
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World Wide Web Browsers
Browser Client software for viewing Web
documents and navigating hyperlinks to other
document

• lynx (UNIX)
• Netscape (Macintosh, Windows 3.1, Windows 95,
  UNIX)
• Microsofts Internet Explorer.

Commercial Services like America Online and
CompuServe will soon offer both Microsoft's
Internet Explorer and Netscape's browser.
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lynx
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Netscape currently called Communicator
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Internet Explorer
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Example sites available on the WWW.
Links
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Links
WWW documents can have hypertext links which let
you jump from one document to another. The link
is a piece of text (or graphic), often
highlighted selecting the link takes you to a
follow-up document.
To make the use of hypertext documents possible
requires yet another Internet protocol HyperText
Transfer Protocol (HTTP). The documents
themselves are marked up using HyperText Mark-up
Language (HTML).
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How, Where and What?
The Uniform Resource Locator (URL) describes how
the client can go to the right server and bring
back the correct file

• the protocol needed
• the Internet name or address of the server to
  contact
• the port number to use
• the path
• the filename of the document to retrieve

protocol//computerport/path/filename
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HTML
Documents placed onto the Web are created using
HTML (HyperText Markup Language), a language
which describes the layout, contents, and links
of such documents. HTML files are simple text
files with embedded style tags.
lthtmlgt ltheadgt ltTITLEgtA Simple HTML
Examplelt/TITLEgt lt/headgt ltbodygt
ltH1gtHTML is Easy To Learnlt/H1gt ltPgtWelcome to
the world of HTML. This is the first
paragraph. While short it is still a
paragraph!lt/Pgt ltPgtAnd this is the second
paragraph.lt/Pgt lt/bodygt lt/htmlgt
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HTML
The first and last tags in a document should
always be the HTML tags. These are the tags that
tell a Web browser where the HTML in your
document begins and ends. The absolute most basic
of all possible Web documents is
ltHTMLgt lt/HTMLgt
ltHTMLgt ltHEADgt ltTITLEgtDocument
Titlelt/TITLEgt lt/HEADgt ltBODYgt lt/BODYgt lt/HTMLgt
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Search Engines

• CUSI http//cusi.emnet.co.uk/
• W3 Search Engines http//cuiwww.unige.ch/meta-inde
  x.html
• excite Netsearch http//www.excite.com/
• SEARCH.COM http//www.search.com/
• HotBot http//www.hotbot.com/
• Infoseek Guide http//guide.infoseek.com/
• WebCrawler Searching http//www.webcrawler.com/
• Lycos, Inc. Home Page http//www.lycos.co.uk/
• AltaVista http//www.altavista.com/
• MetaCrawler http//www.metacrawler.com/
• Yahoo http//www.yahoo.com/

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Usenet Groups/Newsgroups
You can view Usenet as a world-wide bulletin
board system. In each Usenet group, people can
talk about different subjects with others who are
interested.

• Codes used in Usenet
• alt alternative groups, discussing varied things
  
• bionet biological groups
• biz product announcements
• clari a commercial news service, ClariNet
• comp discussion about computers
• gnu the Free Software Federation GNU Project
• misc miscellaneous stuff
• news Usenet related news
• rec recreational matters
• sci scientific discussion
• soc social chat, psychology, sociology, and that
  sort of thing
• talk rather odd discussions

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Mailing lists
A mailing list is available to anyone with an
Internet e-mail address.
You send e-mail to a central mailbox, and all
messages received there are then copied to
everyone who's on that particular mailing list.
All you have to do is send an e-mail message
requesting that your name be added to the mailing
list concerned, which is then maintained either
by a person or a computer program known as a
listserv.
http//www.mailbase.ac.uk/
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Telnet
Using Telnet to connect to a computer will allow
you to give it commands directly, but in order
for this to work, you should have access to an
account that you are allowed to use.
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Ftp
File Transfer Protocol
File Transfer Protocol (FTP) is a method of
sending and receiving files. There are vast
stores of files available worldwide through
anonymous ftp. This makes FTP an essential tool
to understand.
With FTP, you specify exactly where the file
comes from and specify exactly where the file
will go.
The most direct way to use FTP is to have a
program designed to perform FTPs directly. A
shareware program called WinFTP is available for
Windows . Alternatively, if you have a Mac
system, pick up a version of Fetch.
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You can also use netscape to perform ftp
transfers. Just open a URL like the following
one ftp//ftp.microsoft.com instead
of http//www.microsoft.com
There are two basic kinds of files, text and
binary. There is an FTP method for each.
Pictures, sounds and programs are binary files.
Text files contains only ascii text. If you try
to transfer a binary file using text transfer
mode, it won't work. Transferring a text file
using binary mode is not advised.
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Archie
Archie (the name derives from the word 'archive')
is a tool that searches for the whereabouts of
files stored in anonymous ftp sites on the Net.
You use Archie when you know the name of a file
that you want, but you don't know where it is
stored.
"Archie" is a database of files available from a
large number of anonymous FTP servers.
http//www.kingston.net/cgi-bin/archie http//arch
ie.hensa.ac.uk/archie.html
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WAIS
Wide Area Information Server
It is a way to search through huge amounts of
information easily. WAIS databases are widespread
throughout the Internet. These are updated on a
regular basis and can act as a resource for very
specific files and topics.
Gopher
Gophers provide a menu-driven search through the
Internet' system - or, to be more precise, the
gopher client you use gives you the menu-driven
system, while the gopher servers that these
connect to do all the donkey work and actually
find the resources you ask for.
http//www.ncsa.uiuc.edu/SDG/Software/ Mosaic/Star
tingPoints/ NetworkStartingPoints.html
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Email

• Electronic mail (or Email) is a simple tool for
  exchanging messages between individuals or a
  selective group of people
• Email is by far the most popular Internet
  service, though the WWW is fast catching up
• It is analogous to sending a letter via the Royal
  Mail (except it is much faster, almost
  instantaneous)

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Addresses
All electronic mail is sent and received on the
Internet using SMTP (Standard Mail Transfer
Protocol) addresses.
For an individual, an Internet address consists
of three parts a local name unique to the
person the "at" sign and the symbolic
designation of the institutional computer on
which he or she has an account.
gstubbs_at_glam.ac.uk
domain address
user name
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Microsoft Outlook
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Eudora Light
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Here are some common Internet domain acronyms for
sites located within the United States
Domain Description .com Commercial and corporate
sites .edu Educational institutions .gov Governmen
t sites .mil Military sites .org Sites of
associations, organisations, etc. .net Network
sites
UK Sites include
Domain Description .ac.uk UK Academic
sites .gov.uk UK Government sites
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Internet Address Suffix List
ad Andorra ae United Arab Emirates af
Afghanastan ag Antigua and Barbuda ai
Anguilla al Albania am Armenia an Netherlands
Antilles ao Angola aq Antarctica
http//www.rtw.com.au/internet/suffixes.html
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File Formats from WWW
Text Copy Paste Graphics gif, bmp, jpg,
png Video mov, avi, mpg Audio au, wav, mid
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Real Audio and Real Video
http//www.real.com/
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Web Packager
Shockwave technology lets you package an
Authorware piece especially for the WEB. Files
are delivered over the Internet and run through a
WEB browser.
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Making an Authorware piece ready for the WEB

• Packaging the Authorware piece.
• Make sure the Authorware file and its library
  files have unique names.
• Choose File gt Package.
• Select Without Runtime in the Package dialogue
  box.
• Select the other options you want, then click
  Save File(s) Package.

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Finally, Save File and Package
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Use Afterburner to shock the packaged piece.

• Afterburner located in Authorware 5 directory,
  application is called ab32a.
• Afterburner segments an Authorware piece,
  producing two types of files
• One or more segment files (extension AAS), each
  segment containing a compressed section of the
  piece
• One map file (extension AAM), which contains
  information the Authorware plug-in needs to
  retrieve each segment and to retrieve external
  files used with your piece, such as movies and
  UCDs.

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Use an editor to add the shocked piece to a web
page.
To add a shocked Authorware piece to an HTML
page, use the HTML tag EMBED. This specifies
the location of the piece and a rectangle within
the page where the piece will be displayed. The
EMBED tag for a shocked Authorware piece looks
like this ltEMBED SRC"mypiece.aam" WIDTH640
HEIGHT480 WINDOWonTop PALETTEBackgroundgt
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Use the WINDOW argument to specify how the
browser displays the piece.
There are three options inPlace Displays the
piece embedded within the HTML page in the
browser window. You can use inPlace only in
Windows. onTop Displays the piece in a separate
window on top of the browser window. This makes
your piece look more like a separate
application. onTopMinimize Displays the piece in
a separate window and minimises (or hides) the
browser. This setting makes your piece look the
most like a separate, stand-alone application.
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Plug-ins
To enable Authorware projects to be viewed over
the World Wide Web through a browser, you must
acquire the appropriate plug-in. The plug-in for
Authorware is Web Player, the plug-in for
Director is called Shockwave.
http//www.macromedia.com/software/downloads/
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Recommended Reading
Netscape Navigator and the World Wide Web, Fritz
J. Erickson, John A. Vonk, 384.3/ERI Official
Netscape beginner's guide to the Internet for
Windows Macintosh Shelley O'Hara, 005.71369/OHA
http//www.w3.org/ http//www.macromedia.com/lea
rning/examples/online_examples/education/