Title: Language Arts and Reading: Study Topics
1Language Arts and Reading Study Topics
- Topics Covered in
- Reading Methods
- In Preparation for the
- Praxis Test
2Understanding Literature Narratives
- Characterization (through a characters words,
thoughts, actions, appearance, etc.) - Setting established through description of
scenes, colors, smells, etc.) - Tone (manner of expression in speech or writing)
- tongue in cheek, edgy, soft
- Theme
- Point of view (first person, third-person
objective, third person omniscient) - Perspective (attitude of the narrator of the
story)
3Text Structures and Organization in Reading and
Writing
- Organizational patterns in text
4 Patterns of expository writing
- Compare and contrast
- Chronological sequence
- Spatial sequence
- Cause and effect
- Problem and solution
5Structural elements in text
- Thesis statement
- Conclusion statement
- Transition words and phrases
- Supporting the thesis with the use of
- Examples
- Quotations
- Paraphrases of excerpts statements
- Summaries of information found in research
sources - Analogies
6- The only real innovation during the Renaissance
period in terms of transport was seen in the
Americans. By the fifteenth century, the Incas
had constructed a network of fine roads for
couriers. Rivers were crossed by monkey bridges
of cable of plaited agave fibre, or floating
bridges, or pontoons of reeds. In addition, the
Incas used caravans of llamas, bred as beasts of
burden even though they could only carry a
hundredweight, and could only travel fifteen
miles a day. These were the only important
domestic animals of the Americas before 1492, and
they were quite inadequate.
Structural elements in text?
7- Approaching ones topic
- with the purpose of
- Criticizing
- Analyzing
- Evaluating pros and cons
8Orthography and MorphologySpelling Study of
Word Formation
- Affixes prefix, suffix
- Roots
- Inflectional endings -indicate tense, number,
possession or comparison - Most words-walks, walked, walking
- Words ending in e-come, coming
- Words ending in y-carry carried carrying
- Words ending in a single vowel a consonant-hop,
hopping, hopped - Clusters (combining clusters to make compound
words)
9Semantics
- Homonyms
- Antonyms
- Synonyms
- Multiple-meaning words
- Words used figuratively or idiomatically (e.g.,
he wolfed down his food) - Meaning-shifts due to alternative word order or
punctuation
10Literacy Acquisition and Reading Instruction
- Theories and concepts concerning
- reading development
- Major elements of the emergent literacy theory
and major conclusions of recent research
11Major elements of the emergent literacy theory
and major conclusions of recent research
- Acting like a reader is part of becoming a reader
- Reading writing are closely related process-not
taught in isolation - Social process
- Preschoolers know a great deal about printed
language - Becoming literate is a continuous, developmental
process - Need to read authentic natural texts
- Need to write for personal reasons
12Literacy Acquisition and Reading Instruction
- Factors influencing the development of emergent
reading - Concepts about print
- Sight vocabulary
- Phonemic awareness
- Alphabetic principle
- Social interaction (support by adults and peers)
13Literacy Acquisition and Reading Instruction
- Frequent experiences with print
- Prior knowledge (schema)
- Motivation
- Fluency
14Literacy Acquisition and Reading Instruction
- Experiences that support emergent readers
- Direct instruction
- Social interaction
- Shared reading
- Repeated readings
- Reader response
- Word walls
- Text innovation (rewrites)
- Shared writing
15Concepts to Think About
- What are some of the major relationships between
and among reading, writing, speaking, listening,
and viewing, and why are these relationships
important for teacher of emergent readers to
understand?
16Strategies for Word study/solving
- Cues and how students use them
- Semantic (refers to the meaning of language-the
words and parts of words that convey meaning as
well as the way sentences, paragraphs, whole
texts are interpreted by listeners and readers.) - Syntactic systems (refers to the patterns of
rules by which words are put together in
meaningful phrases sentences) - Mary ran of to see her friends.
17Strategies for Word study/solving
- Phonological system (the way listeners construct
meaning from streams of sounds) - Visual information (what you see when you read)
- -Relationship to print
- -Recognizing whole words
- -Word patterns
- -Syllables
- -Letters in sequence
18- Samuel and his cousin John Adams felt the
- indenture
- same way about Americans independence.
- operations racing
- Yet they had different opinions about riding
- agreed
- horses like other men did. Samuel argued
- cannon
- that walking or riding in a carriage suited
- him better.
19Children's Literature Strategies for
Comprehension
- Use of prior knowledge
- Retelling
- Guided reading
- Fluency
- Reader response
20Children's Literature
- Strategies for comprehension
- Solving words
- Adjusting reading according to purpose and
context - Metacognition
- Maintaining fluency
- Making connections (personal, world, text)
21- A class is reading a book that has chapter
numbers but no chapter titles. The teacher asks
the students to think of an appropriate title for
each chapter. What is the main purpose in
choosing this activity? Why is it a useful
activity?
Concepts to Think About
22Children's Literature
- Study skills and tools
- SQ3R
- KWL
- Note taking
- Marking and coding
- Graphic organizers
- Finding information in charts, tables, graphs
23- What are some effective ways to use graphic
organizers if students understand most of the
details in a unit, but not the central idea of
the unit? - What are some effective ways of guiding students
to understand articles that feature text and
variety of graphics?
Concepts to Think About
24Communication SkillsStages of writing development
- Phase
- Picture writing
- Scribble writing
- Random letter
- Invented spelling
- Conventional writing
- Concurrent development with reading
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28Communication Skills
- Stages of the writing process
- Recursive nature of the process
- Explore/Prewrite
- Draft
- Edit
- Publish
29Communication Skills
- Spelling development Constructive nature of the
development stages - -Scribble
- -Prephonemic
- -Early phonics
- -Letter name
- -Transitional
- -Derivational
- -Conventional
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