27'2 GRA

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27.2 GRA
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1. As Italy, Japan, and Germany continued their
policies of ______________________________ in the
late 1930s the United States and the European
democracies did little in response.

• aggression

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War in Asia
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2. In ____________, Japanese planes bombed
China's major cities and killed thousands of
civilians.

• 1937

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3. American leaders felt it undermined the
________________________, which promised equal
access to trade in China, and threatened the
Philippines.

• Open Door Policy

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War in Europe
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4. In 1938, just two years after occupying the
____________, Hitler annexed, or took over,
Austria.

• Rhineland

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5. Hitler then justified claiming the
_______________________________, the western part
of Czechoslovakia by arguing it contained many
people of German heritage.

• Sudetenland

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The Munich Conference
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6. In September 1938, Hitler promised the leaders
of Britain, France, and Italy that Germany would
seek no further _______________________ once it
acquired the Sudetenland at the Munich
Conference.

• territory

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7. Britain and France gave in to aggression in
order to avoid war over the Sudetenland in a
practice known as ____________________.

• appeasement

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Invasion of Poland
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8. In August 1939, when Hitler and Stalin signed
the ____________________________, they agreed not
to attack each other.

• Nazi-Soviet Pact,

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9. Secretly, Hitler and Stalin also agreed to
divide ____________and other parts of Eastem
Europe.

• Poland

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World War II Begins September 1, 1939
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10. In September 1939, Hitler launched a swift
attack against Poland using planes and tanks
against the Polish ________________________and
old rifles.

• cavalry

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11. Unable to withstand the German
______________, or lightning war, the Poles soon
surrendered.

• blitzkrieg

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12. Meanwhile, the Soviet Union seized eastern
Poland, Finland, _____________________,
Lithuania, and Latvia while claiming that these
steps were needed to build Soviet defense

• Estonia

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A Global Conflict
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13. Britain and France declared war on Germany
_________________ after the invasion of Poland.

• two days

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14. In time, Italy, Japan, and six other nations
would join Germany to form the _________________.

• Axis powers.

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15. The Allies included Britain, France,
_________, the United States, China, and 45 other
countries.

• USSR

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France surrenders
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16. In April 1940, German troops smashed through
___________________ and Norway.

• Denmark

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17. In May, German troops overran
___________________________ and Belgium and
pushed into France as Italy also attacked France.

• Holland

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18. By May, the Germans had trapped the British
and French to retreat to _____________________, a
French port on the English Channel.

• Dunkirk

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19. The British sent every available merchant
ship, fishing boat, and pleasure craft across the
channel to bring the _____________________
trapped soldiers to safety in England.

• 338,000

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20. German armies marched on to Paris, and on
June 22, 1940, France surrendered.
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Germany - 1930
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Battle of Britain
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21. The new prime minister, ______________,
informed the world that ... we shall never
surrender."

• Winston Churchill

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22. German planes dropped bombs on London and
other British cities during the ________________.

• Battle of Britain

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23. By late 1940, British fighter pilots gunned
down nearly _________________ German planes so
Hitler gave up his planned invasion of Britain.

• 2,000

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24. In the United States, people listened to the
radio reports of ____________________ and other
war correspondents who saw the fighting
firsthand.

• Edward R. Murrow

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FDR and American Policy
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25. After the invasion of Poland, President
Roosevelt announced that the United States would
remain ______________________ even though most
Americans sympathized with the Allies.

• neutral

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Helping the Allies
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26. Isolationists blocked the move to repeal the
neutrality law, but Congress allowed the United
States to sell arms to the Allies under a
"____________" plan where the Allies had to pay
cash for the goods and carry them away in their
own ships.

• "cash and- carry"

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27. Roosevelt agreed to give Britain 50 old
American destroyers in exchange for
_______________ on military bases in Newfoundland
and the Caribbean.

• 99- year leases

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Preparing for war
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28. In September 1940, it passed a law that set
up the first ________________ in American
history.

• peacetime draft

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29. Isolationists aid for Britain, but if Britain
fell, Hitler might control the ___________________
.

• Atlantic Ocean.

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FDR wins a third term
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30. The threat of war persuaded FDR to brake the
precedent set by __________________________ of
serving only two terms as President by running
for a third term in 1940.

• George Washington

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31. Republicans nominated ________________________
____, who agreed with Roosevelt on many issues
such as sending aid to Britain and pledging not
to send Americans into any foreign wars.

• Wendell Willkie

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32. The voters gave FDR a clear victory and
seemed to agree with a slogan used by Roosevelt
in his campaign "___________________________."

• "Don't change horses
• in mid-stream."

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"Arsenal of democracy
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33. The United States, FDR declared, "must be the
_______________."

• arsenal of democracy

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34. FDR urged Americans to defend "Four
Freedoms"-freedom of ______________, freedom of
________________________, freedom from
_______________, and freedom from
___________________.
speech
worship
want
fear
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35. In March 1941, Congress passed the
_________________________ that allowed sales or
loans of war materials to "any country whose
defense the President deems vital to the defense
of the United States."

• Lend-Lease Act

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36. In June 1941, Hitler launched a surprise
invasion of the Soviet Union so the Soviets were
then fighting on the ______________side.

• Allied

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37. Although Roosevelt condemned Stalin's _____,
he extended Lend-Lease aid to the Soviet Union.

• totalitarian rule

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The Atlantic Charter
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38. In August 1941, Roosevelt and Churchill
issued the Atlantic Charter, which set goals for
the _________________________ world.

• postwar

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39. Roosevelt and Churchill agreed to seek no
____________________ from the war, self
determination, and an organization like the
League of Nations.

• territorial gain

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The United States Enters the War
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40. After Germany defeated France in 1940, Japan
took control of French colonies
in__________________ and signed an alliance with
Germany and Italy.

• Southeast Asia

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Opposing Japanese aggression
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41. The United States tried to stop Japanese
aggression by refusing to sell oil and _______ to
Japan.

• scrap metal

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42. In November 1941 Japan asked the United
States to lift the ___________________ on oil and
scrap metal and he United States called on Japan
to withdraw its armies from China and Southeast
Asia, but neither side would compromise.

• embargo

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Japan attacks
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43. On Sunday, 12/7/41, Japanese planes swept
through the skies in a surprise attack on Pearl
Harbor, Hawaii that damaged 19 American ships,
destroyed almost 200 American planes, and killed
about __________________ people.

• 2,400

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44. FDR said, " Yesterday, December7, 1941-a date
which will live in _________________

• infamy

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45. When Congress declared war on Japan, Germany
and _______declared war on the United States.

• Italy

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Complete 4-8 pg 739
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4. What nations did Hitler conquer in 1939 and
1940?

• Poland,
• Denmark,
• Norway,
• Holland,
• Belgium,
• Czechoslovakia,
• France

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5. What did Roosevelt mean when he called the
United States the "arsenal of democracy"?

• The U.S. sold or loaned weapons to Britain, which
  used them to defend democracy.

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6. (a) Why did Japan attack Pearl Harbor? (b)
Howdid Americans respond to the attack?
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6. (a) Why did Japan attack Pearl Harbor?

• to sink the U.S. Pacific fleet in response to the
  oil/scrap metal embargo

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6. (b) How did Americans respond to the attack?

• The U.S. declared war on Japan.

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7. At the start of World War II,the official
policy of the United States was neutrality.Do
you think the United States was truly neutral in
its actions toward the Axis and Allies?Explain.

• No, because it sold or loaned goods to Britain
  and later to the Soviet Union-but not oil and
  scrap metal to Japan.

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8. Why did Roosevelt urge Americans to support
the Lend-Lease Act?

• To protect the U.S. by arming Hitler's enemies.