Emulsion Hybrid Telescope for Cosmic Gamma-ray Observation

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Emulsion Hybrid TelescopeforCosmic Gamma-ray
Observation
International Workshop on Emulsion
Technique 2008/Jan/24,25
S. Aoki (Kobe) / S. Takahashi (Nagoya) for Hybrid
Gamma-ray Telescope Group ( Kobe U., Nagoya U.,
Aichi U.Edu., ISAS/JAXA, Okayama Sci.U.,
Utsunomiya U. )
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Telescope observes

• brightness (magnitude)
• color (wavelength)
• direction
• of the light.

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Emulsion can measure
Telescope observes

• event rate (flux)
• energy (momentum)
• direction
• of gamma-ray photon.
• So, Emulsion can be good Telescope.

• brightness (magnitude)
• color (wavelength)
• direction
• of the light.

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Emulsion can measure
Telescope observes

• event rate (flux)
• energy (momentum)
• direction
• of gamma-ray photon.
• So, Emulsion can be good Telescope.

• brightness (magnitude)
• color (wavelength)
• direction
• of the light.

Radio Wave Infra Red Visible Light Ultra
Violet X ray optical imaging is possible
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Emulsion can measure
Telescope observes

• event rate (flux)
• energy (momentum)
• direction
• of gamma-ray photon.
• So, Emulsion can be good Telescope.

• brightness (magnitude)
• color (wavelength)
• direction
• of the light.

pair creation
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Current Situation in various wavelength range
ex. Crab nebula (M1)
2 mrad
Radio (VLA)
Infra Red (2MASS)
Visible (Palomar)
Ultra Violet (UIT)
X ray (Chandra)
100 mrad
30 mrad
TeV Gamma (HESS)
GeV Gamma (EGRET)
a lot of room to improve for GeV Gamma
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Emulsion Hybrid Gamma-ray Telescope
?
Converter Emulsion metal foil spacer
Fiber Tracker ( X and Y )
Calorie Meter ( Emulsion Lead )

• S 1m2, ? 0.5 ? (tan? lt 1.0)
• Launched by scientific balloon (35km alt.
  5g/cm2)
• volume scan conversion point ? measure slope in
  arcmin
• get time stamp by Scintillating Fiber Tracker
• check time profile in order to exclude
  atmospheric gamma-ray event
• based on orientation monitor and time stamp
• get the direction w.r.t celestial sphere

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Emulsion is traditional detector in Cosmic-ray
Study
mountain ?-meson discovery hyperon (strange
particle) airplane X-particle (naked
charm) balloon primary cosmic-ray JACEE,
RUNJOB etc.
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RUNJOB
balloon volume (m3) chamber mass(kg) chamber area(m2) launched landed duration(h)
RUNJOB1 180000 230 0.4 1995/7/15 1995/7/20 130
RUNJOB2 180000 230 0.4 1996/7/19 1996/7/25 167
RUNJOB3 180000 254 0.4 1996/7/17 1996/7/23 134
RUNJOB4 180000 254 0.4 1995/7/18 1995/7/24 147.5
RUNJOB5 180000 260 0.4 1997/7/ 9 1997/7/15 139.5
RUNJOB6 180000 270 0.4 1997/7/11 1997/7/17 139.5
RUNJOB7 180000 268 0.4 1997/7/16 failed -
RUNJOB8 180000 0.4 1999/7/8 1999/7/14 142
RUNJOB9 180000 0.4 1999/7/12 1999/7/18 145
RUNJOB10 180000 0.4 1999/7/13 1999/7/19 146.5
RUNJOB11 180000 0.4 1999/7/14 1999/7/20 145
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JACEE

JACEE BALLOON FLIGHT TABLE
Flight Launch Date Launch Site Altitude g/cm2 Duration hours Area m2 Exposure m2?hr
JACEE-0 May 1979 Sankiku(Japan) 8.0 29.0 0.2 5.80
JACEE-1 Sep 1979 Palestine(Texas) 3.7 25.2 0.8 20.16
JACEE-2 Oct 1980 Palestine(Texas) 4.0 29.6 0.8 23.68
JACEE-3 Jun 1982 Greenville(S.Carolina) 5.0 39.0 0.25 9.75
JACEE-4 Jun 1983 Palestine(Texas) 5.0 59.5 0.8 47.60
JACEE-5 Oct 1984 Palestine(Texas) 5.0 14.5 0.8 11.60
JACEE-6 May 1986 Palestine(Texas) 4.0 30.0 0.8 24.00
JACEE-7 Jan 1987 Alice Springs(Australia) 5.0 150.0 0.6 90.00
JACEE-8 Feb 1988 Alice Springs(Australia) 5.0 120.0 0.6 72.00
JACEE-9 Sep 1990 Fort Sumner(New Mexico) 4.0 44.0 0.8 35.20
JACEE-10 Dec 1990 McMurdo(Antarctica) 3.5 204.0 0.24 48.96
JACEE-11 Dec 1993 McMurdo(Antarctica) 4.5 217.5 1.2 261.00Not recover
JACEE-12 Jan 1994 McMurdo(Antarctica) 5.0 211.0 1.2 253.20
JACEE-13 Dec 1994 McMurdo(Antarctica) 5.0 310.0 1.2 372.00
JACEE-14 Dec 1995 McMurdo(Antarctica) 5.0 350.0 1.2 420.00

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Scanning Power Roadmap
near future
now
1m2 / h
100
MSC
CHORUS/DONUT
CHORUS
OPERA
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Signal Yield and S/N ratio

• Long Duration Flight (120160 hours) at
  mid-latitude
• RUNJOB succeeded launch/recover 10 times
• out of 11 times trial (ave. 140hour / flight)
• Background track accumulation _at_ JACEE film
  (150hours exp.)
• ? has been confirmed analyzable by U.T.S.
  at Nagoya
• Signal Yield (based on EGRET flux)
• Club Nebula E gt 100MeV E gt 1GeV
• 226?10?8 ph/cm2/sec 20?10?8 ph/cm2/sec
• 1m2 6hour/day 488 ph / m2 / day 43 ph / m2 / day
• 5days (120h)/flight 2440 ph / flight 215 ph /
  flight
• (filmfoil) ? 100 ? 1 Xo thick ? converts more
  than half of photon
• S/N40 (E gt1.0GeV) against to atmospheric
  gamma-ray _at_5g/cm 2
• (extrapolation from BETS observation )

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Pilot Study
2004/05 Balloon _at_Sanriku (36km) Cosmic-ray Pb 1mm 10GeV EM-shower
2004/12 SPring-8 Inv. Compton ?-ray beam Cu 50?m 1GeV e-pair observation confirm angular resolution
2007/7,9 Mt. Norikura (2.77km) Cosmic-ray Cu 50?m 100MeV e-pair Time Stamp
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Pilot Study 1. Balloon Exp _at_ Sanriku 2004/May/30
large size (40cm?50cm) OPERA film provided by
Fuji Film (Mr. Kanazawa)
Micro Segment Chamber
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Pilot Study 1. Balloon Exp _at_ Sanriku
2004/May/30
10.5cm
6.5cm
gamma shower
electroron shower
hadron jet
1.5mm
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Pilot Study
2004/05 Balloon _at_Sanriku (36km) Cosmic-ray Pb 1mm 10GeV EM-shower
2004/12 SPring-8 Inv. Compton ?-ray beam Cu 50?m 1GeV e-pair observation confirm angular resolution
2007/7,9 Mt. Norikura (2.77km) Cosmic-ray Cu 50?m 100MeV e-pair Time Stamp
Detail will be discussed by S. Takahashi Poster
Presentation
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Pilot Study 2. _at_SPring-8 Laser Electron Photon
Beam (by RCNP Osaka Univ.)
70m
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Pilot Study 2. _at_SPring-8
Converter
Energy Measure
plate- 1 20 21
35 36
50
PMMA
?
15mm t
Pb 500?m
Cu 50?m
Cu 50?m
plate- 15 16 17 18 19 20 21
22 23 24 25
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3cm3cm11films
Connection Criteria gt500MeV/c
Reconstructed Tracks 86921
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Selected Tracks 814
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Angular Resolution (MC simulation)
readout error 0.3?m 0.2?m 0.1?m
GLAST
experimentally confirmed 0.1deg (_at_1GeV2GeV)
1 mrad
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Pilot Study 3 Hybrid Test at Mt. Norikura
Em 1 Cu 1 Em 2 Cu 2 Em 3 Cu 3 Em 4 Cu 27 Em
28 Cu 28 Em 29 Cu 29 Em 30
21 hours _at_ 2770m
?(atomospheric)

10cm
12.5cm
1cm
Fiber Tracker
10cm
10cm
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(No Transcript)
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Number of Tracks1.4108
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Number of Tracks1.4108
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12cm10cm21films
Connection Criteria gt50MeV/c
Reconstructed Tracks 259688
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Selected Events 66
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E?74MeV
Event 131 2797654
P 4815-7MeV/c
P 265-4MeV/c
Measured by K.Hamada
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?conversion in 0607-0703
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?conversion in 0607-0703
063007
063323
063315
062515
063254
062000
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event 063323
X
Z
Y
Z
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Summary
We are developing Emulsion Hybrid Gamma-ray
Telescope with large acceptance (?0.5?) and
precise angular resolution (arcmin) temporally
transient object GRB (short and long) etc.
spatially spread object SNR (relatively near)
etc. and any exotic phenomena These
observation must be exciting.
1deg
color TeV gamma by H.E.S.S. contour X-ray by
ASCA
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backup
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OPERA Film tracker performance
2mrad by single layer (290µm)
290µm (.002X 0)
?? rad
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OPERA Film tracker performance
2mrad by single layer (290µm)
290µm (.002X 0)
410µm (.004X 0)
50mm
c.f. GLAST
1mrad