Aeronautical Engineering

1
Aeronautical Engineering

• How humans take flight.

2
Unit Timeline

• Week 1
• 1 day
• Historic Development
• Different aviation attempts
• 3 days Anatomy of a plane
• Plane Parts
• Design Variations

3
Unit Timeline

• Week 2 Why Planes Fly.
• 4 days
• Conservation of Momentum
• Drag and Lift force
• Aerodynamic Analysis
• Continuity Equation
• Bernoulli Equation
• Wing shape

4
Week 3

• 2- days
• Flight paths
• Fuel efficient flight paths
• Step Climb
• Rocket Trajectories
• 2 - days
• Stability and control
• Structure

5
Week 4

• Control
• Pitch, Yaw,Roll
• Flight Simulator
• Propulsion
• Propellers
• Jet
• Turbojet

6
Flying - Bird vs. Man

• Physical differences (incomplete list)
• Sparrows heart 800bpm
• Pigeon 400 breaths per min
• Bone density
• The point is, men are not physically designed for
  flight or flight propulsion.

7
Types of Aircraft

• Lighter than Air
• Hot Air Balloon
• Blimp
• Zeppelin
• Heavier than Air
• Planes
• Gliders

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Lighter than Air

• Hot Air
• French Montgolfier brothers
• First manned flight
• Hydrogen
• Pilatre (1785) combined the concepts to an
  explosive result

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Lighter than Air

• Zeppelin
• 1900 Rigid Air Ship
• Initiated Air Travel
• Scheduled flights from Germany to South America

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Pros vs. Cons

• Lighter than air is 2-3x more expensive per cargo
  ton than airplanes which are 6x faster.

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Heavier than Air

• Cayley (1773-1857)
• First to build air tunnels and test ideas
• Built a glider sending a 10yr old boy several
  meters high
• No Powered flight (power to weight problem)
• Sent others on his test flights
• Otto Lilienthal (1848-1896)
• Aerodynamic data for wings which the Wright
  brothers used and revised.
• Flew his own creations, died in a glider accident
  

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Development of Powered Flight

• Wright Brothers
• First flight in 1901, glider range of 600ft.
• Chose Kitty Hawk due to favorable conditions
• Wind, hills, soft ground
• 1902 solved control issues now needed propulsion.

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Kitty Hawk 1903

• Built their own engine 12hp weighing less than
  200lbs.
• Developed propeller efficiency estimates
• Dec 17th 4 flights 852ft. Into 24mph winds
• Equivalent distance of over 1/2 mile
• Gust of wind knocked it over and it never flew
  again.
• Europe wanted it for military purposes
• US Army didnt get want one until 1909.

14
WW1

• Huge boom in planes
• Served military purpose
• Reconnaissance
• Fighters (armed with a pistol at first)
• Bomber

Bristol Fighter F-2B Engine275 hp Rolls-Royce
Falcon Maximum Speed123 mph (198 kph) Maximum
Height21,500 ft (6,533 m) Endurance 3
hours Armament3 machine-guns, 260 lb (108.9 kg)
bomb load
15
1920-1940

• Continued boom as militaries created air forces
• 1927 Lindbergh flew from NY to Paris, navigation
  - compass, judgment and luck.

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Passenger Aircraft

• 1933 - Boeing 247
• 10 passengers 155mph
• Sold all to United
• TWA Responds with DC-2 then DC-3 most successful
  plane ever.
• 11,000 built
• Used through WW2 and even into the late 80s
• Developments from fighter planes find their way
  into passenger planes

DC-3 Rose pictured in an air show from 2001.