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Structure of the heart

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The heart is a hallow shape muscular organ that is located in the ... Fossa Ovalis: embryonic ruminant of foramen ovali. Chambers of the heart. Right Ventricle ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: Structure of the heart


1
Structure of the heart its conducting system
  • DR. Karam
  • CVS module/ week2

2
Location of the heart
  • The heart is a hallow shape muscular organ that
    is located in the middle mediastinum

3
Pericardium
  • The heart is surrounded by pericardium that
    restrict excessive movement of the heart
  • 2 types of pericardium
  • Fibrous pericardium
  • Serous pericardium
  • Parietal layer the lies the fibrous pericardium.
  • Visceral layer that lies the heart.

4
Surfaces of the heart
  • Sternocostal surface ( anterior) Rt atrium Rt
    ventricle
  • Diaphragmatic surface( Inferior) Rt Lt
    ventricles
  • Base of the heart (posterior) Lt atrium
  • Apex of the heart mainly Lt ventricle

5
Borders of the heart
  • Right border Rt atrium
  • Left border Lt auricle/ Lt ventricle
  • Inferior border Rt ventricle

6
Walls of the heart
  • Myocardium Cardiac muscle
  • Epicardium visceral layer of the serous
    pericardium
  • Endocardium internal lining of the heart

7
Chambers of the heart
  • Right atrium
  • Most of its wall is smooth but some are rough.
    This is known as muscli pectinati
  • Openings in the Rt atrium
  • SVC
  • IVC
  • Coronary sinus
  • Fossa Ovalis embryonic ruminant of foramen
    ovali.

8
Chambers of the heart
  • Right Ventricle
  • Communicates with the right atrium via Rt AV
    orifice ( guarded by tricuspid valve) with the
    Pulmonary Artery via Pulmonary orifice( guarded
    by pulmonary valve).

9
Chambers of the heart
  • Left Atrium
  • 4 pulmonary veins open in the left atrium and it
    communicates with the left ventricle via Lt AV
    orifice that is guarded by the mitral valve.

10
Chambers of the heart
  • Left Ventricle
  • Communicated with the left atrium by Lt AV
    orifice ( guarded by mitral valve) and the aorta
    via the aortic orifice ( guarded by aortic valve).

11
Conducting system of the heart
  • The conducting system of he heart is made of
    specialized cardiac muscles
  • Sinoatrial node
  • Atrioventricular node
  • Atrioventricular bundle
  • Right left bundle branches
  • Purkinji fibers

12
Blood supply of the heart
  • The blood supply of the heart is mainly from the
    left and the right coronary arteries, which
    arises from the ascending aorta.
  • The main branches from the Rt coronary artery (
    Posterior interventricular artery the marginal
    artery)
  • The main branches of the Lt coronary artery (
    Anterior interventricular artery circumflex
    artery)

13
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14
Nerve supply of the heart
  • The heart is supplied by sympathetic and
    parasympathetic fibers of the Autonomic nervous
    system via the cardiac plexus.
  • The sympathetic fibers arises from the lower
    cervical and upper thoracic vertebrae.
  • The parasympathetic fibers arises from the vagus
    never.

15
Valves of the heart
  • AV valves
  • Tricuspid valve that guard the RT AV orifice
    located in the RT half of the sternum in the 4th
    intercostal space. It could be heard at the Rt
    half the lower end of the sternum body
  • Mitral valve that guard the LT AV orifice
    located in the LT half of the sternum in the 4th
    intercostal space. It could be heard at the Apex
    of the heart

16
Valves of the heart
  • Semilunar valves
  • Pulmonary valves located in Lt the medial end of
    the 3rd costal cartilage it is best heard at
    the Lt medial 2nd intercostal space
  • Aortic valve located in the Lt half of the
    sternum in the 3rd intercostal space best heard
    in the medial 2nd Rt inetercostal space.

17
Histology of the heart
  • The cardiac muscles are found in the wall of the
    heart. It is striated (like skeletal muscles) but
    has a specific characteristics
  • Uninucleated
  • Branching cell that fit together by interclating
    disc
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